Linear Diol

CAS RN

EINECS

Melting point

Boiling Point

Formula

Mole WT.

Pentane-1,2-diol

 5343-92-0 226-285-3

 

 206 C CH3CH2CH2CH(OH)CH2OH 104.15

Pentane-1,5-diol

 111-29-5 203-854-4

 

 239 - 242 C HO(CH2)5OH 104.15
Hexane-1,2-diol 6920-22-5 230-029-6

 

 223 - 224 C CH3(CH2)3CH(OH)CH2OH 118.17
Hexane-1,6-diol 629-11-8 211-074-0 38-42 C

250 C

 HO(CH2)6OH 118.17
Heptane-1,2-doil 3710-31-4

 

 

 

 CH3(CH2)4CH(OH)CH2OH 132.20
Heptane-1,7-diol 629-30-1 211-085-0 17-19 C 259 C HO(CH2)7OH 132.20
Octane-1,2-diol 1117-86-8 214-254-7 36-38 C 131 C at 10 mmHg CH3(CH2)5CH(OH)CH2OH 146.23
Octane-1,8-diol 629-41-4 211-090-8 58-61 C 172 C at 20 mmHg HO(CH2)8OH 146.23
Nonane-1,3-diol 23433-07-0 245-660-2

 

 

 CH3(CH2)5CH(OH)C2H5OH 160.26
Noname-1,9-diol 3937-56-2 223-517-5 45-47 C 288 C HO(CH2)9OH 160.26
Decane-1,2-diol 1119-86-4 214-288-2 48-50 C

255 C

 CH3(CH2)7CH(OH)CH2OH 174.28
Decane-1,10-diol 112-47-0 203-975-2

74 C

 

 HO(CH2)10OH 174.28
Undecane-1,2-diol 13006-29-6 235-848-2

 

 

 CH3(CH2)8CH(OH)CH2OH 188.31
Undecane-1,11-diol 765-04-8 212-135-4

 

 

 HO(CH2)11OH 188.31
Dodecane-1,2-diol 1119-87-5 214-289-8 56-60 C

 

 CH3(CH2)9CH(OH)CH2OH 202.33
Dodecane-1,12-diol 5675-51-4 227-133-9 79-81 C

324 C

 HO(CH2)12OH 202.33

 

Diols contribute to high water solubility, hygroscopicity and reactivity with many organic compounds, on usually linear and aliphatic carbon chain. 1,6-Hexanediol, linear diol containing two primary hydroxyl groups at terminal locations for reaction of di-substitution, is used as an intermediate in polymer syntheses (nylon, polyesters manufacturing). The main application field is polyurethanes manufacturing. It is also used in gasoline refining and in pharmaceutical manufacturing. Alcohols are very weak acids as they lose H+ in the hydroxyl group. Alcohols undergoes dehydration reaction which means the elimination of water molecule  replaced by a pi bond between two adjacent carbon atoms to form alkenes under heating in the presence of strong acids like hydrocloric acid or phosphoric acid. Primary and secondary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes and ketones respectively. Carboxylic acids are obtained from oxidation of aldehydes. Oxidation in organic chemistry can be considered to be the loss of hydrogen or gain of oxygen and reduction to gain hydrogen or loss of oxygen. Tertiary alcohols do not react to give oxidation products as they have no H attached to the alcohol carbon. Alcohols undergoes important reactions called nucleophilic substitution in which an electron donor replaces a leaving group, generally conjugate bases of strong acids, as a covalent substitute of some atom. One of important reaction of alcohol is condensation. Ethers are formed by the condensation of two alcohols by heating with sulfuric acid; the reaction is one of dehydration. Almost infinite esters are formed through condensation reaction called esterification between carboxylic acid and alcohol, which produces water. Alcohols are important solvents and chemical raw materials. Alcohols are intermediates for the production of target compounds, such as pharmaceuticals, veterinary medicines, plasticizers, surfactants, lubricants, ore floatation agents, pesticides, hydraulic fluids, and detergents.