PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION

TOXICITY

DERIVATION

CLASSIFICATION

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

REFRACTIVE INDEX

GENERAL DESCRIPTION & APPLICATIONS

An amide is hydrolyzed to yield an amine and a carboxylic acid under strong acidic conditions. The reverse of this process resulting in the loss of water to link amino acids is wide in nature to form proteins, the principal constituents of the protoplasm of all cells. Acyl halides are the most reactive but amides the least reactive among carboxylic acid derivatives, as in order of "acyl halides > anhydrides > esters กร acids > amides". In homogeneous solvent systems, amides react with water only in the presence of strong acid or base catalysts under heating. Because of the nitrogen non-bonded electron pair with the carbonyl group, amides are very polar and the basicity is weaker than amines. Electrophiles bond to oxygen atom in preference to the nitrogen in an amide. One example of this reaction is the production of nitriles by dehydration of primary amides when treated with thionyl chloride. The addition of water to nitriles (carbon-nitrogen triple bond) gives an amide. Sulfonamides are analogs of amides in which the atom attached to oxygen in double bond is sulfur rather than carbon. Sulfonamides react with alkyl halides, acid halides, sulfonyl halides, epihalohydrins, ketones and aldehydes under basic conditions. Methanesulfonamide can react with carbon disulfide, thionyl chloride, cyanates, and  ketones and aldehydes to prepare insecticides, herbicides, pharmaceuticals, brightening agent and other target molecules.

APPEARANCE

98.0% min

WATER

0.5% max

LOSS ON DRYING

2.0% max

HEAVY METALS

20ppm max