PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION

TOXICITY

CLASSIFICATION

Solvent, Heterocyclic Building Block, Pyrrolidine, Nonionic Surfactant.

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

REFRACTIVE INDEX

142 C

GENERAL DESCRIPTION & EXTERNAL LINKS

http://www.springerlink.com/
Pyrrolidone-based surfactants (a literature review): As the alkyl group of N-alkylated pyrrolidones is increased to C8P, surface-active properties become important. The resulting surfactant can interact synergistically with an anionic surfactant. This interaction is based on the electronegativity of the pyrrolidone carbonyl oxygen which can accept a proton to form a pseudoquaternary ammonium ion that can form an ion pair with large anions (i.e., anionic surfactants). The resulting ion pair is further stabilized by hydrophobic bonding between the two alkyl chains. In addition, pyrrolidone can electrostatically interact with aromatics, hydrogen-bond to nonionics, and, in essence, associate electrostatically/hydrophobically similarly to polyvinylpyrrolidone. This interaction of the pyrrolidone functional group can be transposed from one surfactant hydrophobe structure to another. This paper reviews the literature concerning the addition of pyrrolidone to a variety of hydrophobes of interest to both industrial and academic researchers. The chemistry of selected surface-active pyrrolidone derivatives, prepared from butyrolactone, aminoethylpyrrolidone, epoxypropylpyrrolidone, chloromethylpyrrolidone and itaconic acid, is reviewed. Pyrrolidone is a versatile substituent, capable of enhancing the performance of a variety of surfactant structures by improving water solubility, compatibility and solvency in a compact head group that favors surfactancy. In addition, the pyrrolidone ring, when incorporated into derivatives, usually reduces toxicity.

http://osdir.com/
.......N-octyl pyrrolidone (Agsol® Ex 8 or Surfadone® LP 100) is used commercially in several applications, either neat or in conjunction with other formulated compositions. The main advantage of N-octyl pyrrolidone is its high solvency for hydrophobic molecules. It can also form mixed micelles with several other surfactants, especially with anionic emulsifiers such as sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and sodium laureth sulfate. N-octyl pyrrolidone is unique in also being a surface active solvent and thus it can function as an interfacial solvent. This property is advantageous in many consumer formulations e.g. to control the release of organic fragrances and to provide additional wetting on surfaces in spray solutions.

The wetting concentrate of the invention includes (a) octyl or dodecyl pyrrolidone, (b) an ethoxylated alcohol, e.g. ethoxylated nonyl alcohol, (c) is a compatabilizer, preferably an anionic emulsifier, or polyol, and, optionally (d) water........

http://www.patentvest.com/
.........Suitable solvents include N-alkyl pyrrolidones, such as a C8–18 alkyl pyrrolidone (e.g., N-octyl pyrrolidone, N-lauryl pyrrolidone, and the like). Such compounds have the general structure: wherein R is a C _6-20 alkyl or R ₁ NHCOR ₂ ; and R1 is C1–6 alkyl and R2 is C6–20 alkyl. Lauryl (or n-dodecyl) pyrrolidone is commercially available, for example, as sold by ISF Chemicals under the brand name Surfadone, such as Surfadone LP-300.  Solvents of similar structure can also be used. Such solvents include lactones, such as decanolactone. Other suitable solvents include diacetone alcohol, long chain (greater than C6) alkyl ethers, cyclic alkyl ketones, a 1,2 alkane diol having 5 to 10 carbon atoms such as 1,2 hexanediol, a C8–C10 alkene carbonate, a pyrrol (such as N-capryl pyrrol, N-lauryl pyrrol, and the like), and mixtures thereof......

APPEARANCE

clear to slightly yellow liquid

ASSAY

99.0% min

WATER

0.5% max

COLOR (APHA)

50 max

3267

PRICE INFORMATION