ammonia
with chloramine or sodium hypochlorite with urea
CLASSIFICATION
PHYSICAL
AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES (N2H4
64%)
PHYSICAL
STATE
clear
liquid
MELTING
POINT
-51
C
BOILING
POINT
118
C
SPECIFIC
GRAVITY
1.032
SOLUBILITY
IN WATER
Miscible
pH
Strong
Base
VAPOR
DENSITY
1.73
AUTOIGNITION
280
C
NFPA
RATINGS
Health:
3; Flammability: 3; Reactivity: 3
REFRACTIVE
INDEX
1.4280
FLASH
POINT
74
C
STABILITY
Stable
under ordinary conditions
GENERAL
DESCRIPTION & APPLICATIONS
Hydrazine (anhydrous),
H2NNH2,
is a clear, fuming, corrosive liquid with an ammonia-like
odor; melting at 1.4 C, boiling at 113.5 C, specific gravity 1.011. It is very
soluble in water and soluble in alcohol. It decomposes on heating or exposure to
UV to form ammonia, hydrogen, and nitrogen, which may be explosive with a blue
flame when catalysed by metal oxides and some metals such as platinum or Raney
nickel. It is prepared from ammonia with chloramine in the presence of glue or
gelatin (to inhibit decomposition of the hydrazine by unreacted oxidants) as the
hydrate form usually (100% monohydrate contains 64% by weight hydrazine).
Hydrazine is also prepared from sodium hypochlorite with urea in the presence of
glue or gelatin. Botht ammonia and amines are nitrogen nucleophiles which
donate electrons (they are Lewis bases). But hydrazine (diamine) has much
stronger nucleophilicity which makes it more reactive than ammonia. Hydrazine
has dibasic and very reactive properties. Hydrazine is used as a component in
jet fuels because it produce a large amount of heat when burned. It is less flammable and less volatile
than hydrocarbon fuels. It is relatively environmentally friendly because
they degrade quickly in the environment. Hydrazine is used as an oxygen scavenger for water boiler
feed and heating systems to prevent corrosion damage. Hydrazine is used as a
reducing agent for the recovery of precious metals. It is used as a
polymerization catalyst and a chain extender in urethane coatings. It, or a
derivative thereof, is versatile intermediate. They have active applications in
organic synthesis for agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, photographic, heat
stabilizers, polymerization catalysts, flame-retardants, blowing agents for
plastics, explosives, and dyes. Recently, hydrazine is applied to LCD (liquid
crystal displays) as the fuel to make faster thin-film transistors. Hydrazone is a
compound containing the group -NH·N:C-. It is formed from a condensation
reaction aldehydes or ketones with hydrazines (commonly phenylhydrazine). It is
used as an exotic fuel. Aromatic hydrazones are used to form indole by a ring
closure reaction (Fischer synthesis). Hydrazones and hydrazines are converted to
aldehydes and ketones to corresponding hydrocarbons by heating the carbonyl
compound with sodium ethoxide (Wolf-Kishner reduction). Azide
contains the group -N3
represented as a resonance hybrid of two structures,
-N-N-¡ÕN+
¡ê -N=N+=N-.
Organic azides are compounds replaced by a hydrocarbon group as in alkyl or aryl
from hydrazoic acid (HN3)and have general formula RN3. Acyl azide is a compound in
which the hydroxy group of a carboxylic acid is replaced by the azido group
(HN3). Hydrazide is an acyl hydrazine. Acyl (-CO) is an organic radical formed by
removal of a hydroxyl group from an organic acid (carboxyl group). Organic azides are useful for the synthesis of target compounds. They act
as electrophiles on the nitrogen attached to the carbon and have
electron-donating character for the neighboring carbon.
SALES
SPECIFICATION
APPEARANCE
clear
liquid
HYDRATE
(HYDRAZINE)
55%
75% 85%
100% (35.2% 48.0%
54.4% 64%)
CHLORIDE
0.001%
max
SULFATE
0.0005%
max
IRON
5ppm
max
NON
VOLATILES
0.01%
max
HEAVY
METALS
5ppm
max
TRANSPORTATION
PACKING
200kgs
in drum
HAZARD
CLASS
8
(Packing group:II)
UN
NO.
2029,
2030
GENERAL
DESCRIPTION
Hazard Symbols: T C, Risk Phrases: 10-23/24/25-34-40-43-45,
Safety Phrases: 53-36/37/39-45
HYDRAZINE
DERIVATIVES
Pyrazole,
Pyridazine, Thiadiazole, Triazine, Triazole as agrocemicals;
Aminoguanidines,
Benzoic hydrazides, Hydrazines, Hydrazones, Hydroxyethylhydrazines,
Pyrazoles,
Pyridazines, Semicarbazides,
Thiadiazoles,
Thiosemicarbazides,
Triazines,
Triazoles, Triazolones
for
agriculture and drug industry;
Azodicarboanmide, benzenesulfonylhydrazide, Toluenesulfonylhydrazide,
Oxybisbenzenesulfonylhydrazide, 5-phenyltetrazole as
chemical blowing agents 2.2'-Azobisisobutyronitrile,
2,2'-Azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), 2,2'-Azobis(2-methylbutyronitrile)
as polymerization catalysts; Isophthalic dihydrazide,
Adipic dihydrazide, Sebacic dihydrazide, Dodecanedioic
acid dihydrazide, 1,6-Hexamethylene bis(N,N-dimethylsemicarbazide),
1,1,1',1'-Tetramethyl-4,4'-(methylene-di- p-phenylene)disemicarbazide,
Spiroglycol as stabilizers.
