UREA (CARBAMIDE)

UREA

PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION

CAS NO.

57-13-6

UREA

EINECS NO. 200-315-5

FORMULA

H₂NCONH₂

MOL WT.

60.06

H.S. CODE

3102.10

TOXICITY Oral rat LD50: 8471 mg/kg

SYNONYMS Alphadrate; Amide of carbonic acid; Carbamimidic acid;

Carbamide resin; Carbamimidic acid; Carbonyl diamide; Carbonyldiamine; Isourea;

SMILES Ammonia, Carbon Dioxide

CLASSIFICATION

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

UREA (also called CARBAMIDE) is the diamide of carbonic acid. It is a colourless, crystalline substance that melts at 132.7º C and decomposes before boiling. Urea has important uses as a fertilizer and feed supplement, as well as a starting material for the manufacture of plastics and drugs. Urea is prepared commercially in vast amounts from liquid ammonia and liquid carbon dioxide. These two materials are combined under high pressures and elevated temperatures to form ammonium carbamate, which then decomposes at much lower pressures to yield urea and water. Because its nitrogen content is high and is readily converted to ammonia in the soil, urea is one of the most concentrated nitrogenous fertilizers. An inexpensive compound, it is incorporated in mixed fertilizers as well as being applied alone to the soil or sprayed on foliage. With formaldehyde it gives methylene-urea fertilizers, which release nitrogen slowly, continuously, and uniformly, a full year's supply being applied at one time. Although urea nitrogen is in nonprotein form, it can be utilized by ruminant animals (cattle, sheep), and a significant part of these animals' protein requirements can be met in this way. The use of urea to make urea-formaldehyde resin is second in importance only to its use as a fertilizer. Large amounts of urea are also used for the synthesis of barbiturates. Urea reacts with alcohols to form urethanes and with malonic esters to give barbituric acids. With certain straight-chain aliphatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives, urea forms crystalline inclusion compounds, which are useful for purifying the included substances.

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

PHYSICAL STATE odorless white powder, prill, pearl, granular.

MELTING POINT

132 - 135 C

BOILING POINT Decomposes

SPECIFIC GRAVITY 1.32 - 1.34

SOLUBILITY IN WATER Soluble

pH Basic

VAPOR DENSITY 2.07

AUTOIGNITION

NFPA RATINGS

Health: 1; Flammability: 0; Reactivity: 0

REFRACTIVE INDEX

FLASH POINT

STABILITY Stable under ordinary conditions

APPLICATIONS

Fertilizer, Urea-Formaldehyde, Melamine, Feed Supplement, Plastics, Drugs, Barbiturates, Hydrazine, Stabilizer of explosive, oil field, fire-proof, viscosity control, dying, paint. adhesives.

SALES SPECIFICATION

FERTILIZER GRADE

PROPERTY	UNIT	PRILLED		GRANULAR
APPEARANCE		White free-flowing Prilled		White free-flowing granules
TOTAL NITROGEN	wt% min	46.2		46.2
BIURET	wt% max	1.0		1.0
MOISTURE	wt% max	0.3		0.5
FREE AMMONIA	ppm max	150		160
IRON	ppm max	0.5		5
PH	20% sol.	9.50 ~ 10
TURBIDITY	20% sol.	1.0 ~ 5.0
PARTICLE DISTRIBUTION	%	>2.8mm	< 1	> 4.0mm	< 3
		2.8~2.0mm	20~35	2.0~4.0mm	95
		2.0~1.6mm	35~55	1.0~2.0mm	2~4
		1.6~1.4mm	10~25	<1.0mm	< 1
		1.4~1.0mm	10~15
		<1.0mm	< 1

PRICE INDICATION

INDUSTRIAL GRADE

APPEARANCE

white spherical particle

UREA

99.0% min

WATER

0.5% max

11 (10% sol.)

TRANSPORTATION

PACKING 25kgs, 50kgs, 1mt in Bag

HAZARD CLASS Not regulated

UN NO.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF FERTILIZERS

Fertilizer is a material that is added to the soil to supply one or more elements required for plant growth and productiveness. The major three elements are nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus), the secondary elements are calcium, sulfur, magnesium, and other elements are boron, manganese, iron, zinc, copper and molybdenum. Fertilizers enhance the natural fertility of the soil or replace the chemical elements taken from the soil by harvesting, grazing, leaching or erosion. Organic fertilizers include poperly managed barnyard manure, compost and green manure. Manure contains nitrogen and phosphate content. It is sometimes modified with superphosphate to make it a better balanced fertilizer. Compost, decayed to a relatively stable, amorphous state, is made from plant materials mixed with manure and some soil. Green manure is a herbaceous plant material plowed into the soil that has not undergone decay. Artificial fertilizers are inorganic fertilizers formulated in appropriate concentrations and combinations supply three main nutrients: nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (N, P and K) for various crops and growing conditions. N (nitrogen) promotes leaf growth and forms proteins and chlorophyll. P (phosphorus) contributes to root, flower and fruit development. K (potassium) contributes to stem and root growth and the synthesis of proteins. The common inorganic fertilizers include ammonia (82% nitrogen), NPK combinations, urea (46% nitrogen), superphosphate, mono and dibasic ammonium phosphates (containing nitrogen and phosphate), calcium ammonium nitrate, potassium chloride (muriate of potash).

Fertilizer	Nutrient wt %
Fertilizer	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
Ammonia anhydrous	82
Ammonia solution	20 - 25
Ammonium Bicarbonate	15.5
Ammonium Chloride	25 -27
Ammonium Phosphate sulfate	13 - 16	20 - 39
Ammonium Polyphosphate	10 - 11	34 - 37
Ammonium Thiosulfate	12
Ammonium Chloride	25 - 26
Ammonium Nitrate	33 - 34
Ammonium Sulfate	21
Ammonium Sulfate Nitrate	26
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate	20 - 28
Calcium Cyanamide	20 - 21
Calcium Nitrate	15
Diammonium Phosphate	18 - 21	46 - 54
Dicalcium phosphate		35 - 52
Kainit			12 - 22
Monoammonium Phosphate	11	48 - 55
Nitrogen Solution	28 - 41
Phosphate Rock		26 - 37
Potassium Chloride			60
Potassium Magnesium Sulfate			22
Potassium Nitrate	13		44
Potassium Sulfate			50
Slag Basic		12 - 18
Slag Potassic			43
Superphosphate single		17 - 20
Superphosphate triple		44 - 48
Sodium Nitrate	16
Urea Phosphate	17	43 - 44
Urea	45
Urea Ammonium Nitrate	28 - 32
Urea Ammonium Phosphate	21 - 38	13-42
Urea Sulfate	30 - 40

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