Azelaic Acid,
dicarboxylic acid with 9 carbon atoms,is a
white flake or powdered crystal. It is resolved in ethanol, ether and soluble
slightly in water. Azelaic Acid
can be prepared by ozonolysis which uses ozone is to
cleave the alkene bonds. Example of ozonolysis in commerce is the
production of odd carbon number carboxylic acids such as azelaic acid and
pelargonic acid and simple carboxylic acids such as formic acid and oxalic acid.
Odd chain number carboxylic acids are relatively high
cost material. Azelaic acid
is produced naturally on normal
skin by a yeast called Malassezia furfur.
Azelaic acid is used as a dermatologic agent
to treat acnes. Azelaic acid
is also known as a 5-alpha reductase inhibitor
which is applicable to prevent hair loss. Dicarboxylic acid can yield two kinds of salts, as they
contain two carboxyl groups in its molecules. Azelaic Acid and its
derivatives have a variety of industrial uses as
plasticizers, lubricants, hydraulic fluids, cosmetics, candles, etc. It is used
in the synthesis of polyamide and alkyd resins. It is also used as an intermediate
for aromatics, antiseptics and painting materials. Examples of azelate compounds
include:
Dicarboxylic
acid is a compound containing two carboxylic acid, -COOH,
groups. Straight chain examples are shown in table. The
general formula is HOOC(CH2)nCOOH,
where oxalic acid's n is 0, n=1 for malonic acid, n=2 for succinic acid, n=3
for glutaric acid, and etc. In substitutive
nomenclature, their names are formed by adding -dioic'
as a suffix to the name of the parent compound. They
can yield two kinds of salts, as they contain two carboxyl
groups in its molecules. The range of carbon chain lengths is from 2, but the
longer than C 24 is very rare. The term long chain
refers to C 12 up to C 24 commonly. Carboxylic
acids have industrial application directly or indirectly
through acid halides, esters, salts, and anhydride forms,
polymerization, and etc. Dicarboxylic acids
can yield two kinds of salts
or esters, as they
contain two carboxyl groups in one molecule.
It is useful in a variety of industrial applications
include;
Plasticizer for
polymers
Biodegradable solvents and lubricants
Engineering
plastics
Epoxy
curing agent
Adhesive
and powder coating
Corrosion inhibitor
Perfumery
and pharmaceutical
Electrolyte
There are almost
infinite esters obtained from carboxylic
acids. Esters
are formed by removal of water from an acid and an alcohol. Carboxylic acid
esters are used as in a variety of direct and indirect applications. Lower chain
esters are used as flavouring base materials, plasticizers, solvent carriers and
coupling agents. Higher chain compounds are used as components in metalworking
fluids, surfactants, lubricants, detergents, oiling agents, emulsifiers, wetting
agents textile treatments and emollients, They are also used as intermediates
for the manufacture of a variety of target compounds. The almost infinite esters
provide a wide range of viscosity, specific gravity, vapor pressure, boiling
point, and other physical and chemical properties for the proper application
selections.
