CHLORINATED PARAFFINS

PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION

CAS NO. 63449-39-8

 

EINECS NO. 264-150-0
FORMULA  
MOL WT.  
H.S. CODE 3404.90.0000

TOXICITY

Oral Rat LD50: > 21.5ml/kg
SYNONYMS Chlorinated paraffins; Chlorowax; Adekacizer; Cerechlor;
Chlorinated paraffin waxes; Chlorinated hydrocarbon waxes; Chlorinated wax; Chloroflo; Chloroparaffine; Chlorowax; Clorafin; Crechlor; Creclor; Other RN: 8029-39-8, 11098-33-2, 37187-40-9, 39279-65-7, 39406-09-2, 39444-36-5, 50646-90-7, 51990-12-6, 52276-52-5, 52555-47-2, 52622-66-9, 52677-73-3, 52677-74-4, 52677-75-5, 53028-60-7, 53028-59-4, 53200-35-4, 54577-71-8, 55353-50-9, 56509-64-9, 56730-95-1, 58516-52-2, 60202-64-4, 66746-35-8, 108688-63-7

SMILES

 

CLASSIFICATION

Organochloride, Flame retardant

EXTRA NOTES

Overall Carcinogenic Evaluation: Group 2B

EXTERNAL LINKS & GENERAL DESCRIPTION

Wikipedia Linking

Google Scholar Search

http://monographs.iarc.fr/
Chlorinated paraffins are used as secondary plasticizers for polyvinyl chIo ride (PVC) in applications such as electrical cables when the inherent low inammability of PVC would be impaired by primaiy plasticizers (e.g., dioctyl phthalate). Chloriated paraffins are used on a large scle as extreme-pressure additives in metal-machining fluids, e.g., in the automobile industiy, precision engineering industiy and in machineiy construction. As additives to paints, coatings and sealants, chlorinated paraffins improve resistance to water and chemicals. Systems of this kind are especially suitable for marine paints, as coatings for industrial flooring, vessels and swimming pools (e.g., rubber and chloriated rubber coatings), and as road marking paints. The flame-retarding properties of highly chlorinated paraffins are important for their use in plastics, fabrics, paints and coatings. Chloriated paraffins are also used with decabromodiphenyl oxide and antimony trioxide in polyester fabrics for tents (Prihaet al., 1988). Approximately 50% of the chlorinated paraffins consumed in the USA is used as extreme-pressure lubricant additives in the metal working industiy. The remainder is used in plastics, fire-retardant and water-repellent fabric treatments, and in paint, rubber, caulks and sealants. ln contrast, 50% of the chlorinated paraffins consumed in western Europe is as secondaiy plasticizers in PVC and other plastics (Schenker, 1979). The chlorinated paraffins most frequently used as plastieizers for plastics are those with a medium chain length (C14-17), with chlorine contents between 45 and 52% (40 and 50%; Zitko, 1974). Cio-13 or C:;20 paraffins are also used, depending on the PVC or plastics type. Cio-13 chlorinated paraffins are suitable for water- and chemical-resistant, low-inflammability and abrasion-resistant paints, either as plasticizer or as a constituent of the binder. Special medium-chain length C14-17 grades are used for sealants.

http://www.inchem.org/
Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are produced by chlorination of normal paraffin fractions (straight-chain hydrocarbons, at least 98% linear), and have the general formula C
xH(2x-y+2)Cly. The length of the carbon chains is usually between 10 and 30 carbon atoms, and the chlorine content is between 20 and 70% by weight, although the commercial products normally fall within the 40-70% Cl range (Schenker, 1979). In this monograph the different isomers will be referred to as Cx;y% Cl, i.e., a chlorinated paraffin with a carbon chain length of 12 and a chlorination degree of 60% will be referred to as C12;60% Cl. Commercial chlorinated paraffins, of which there are over 200, are very complex mixtures of n-alkanes characterized by an average carbon chain length and chlorination degree. Each grade varies in the range of carbon chain length, but also in the distribution and degree of chlorination. The different technical grades have therefore specific physical and chemical properties which render them useful in such widespread applications as plasticizers in plastics such as polyvinyl chloride, extreme pressure additives, flame retardants and paints. The number of theoretically possible structures within the ranges C10-C30 and 40-70% Cl is enormous. Taking C12 and 60% Cl as an example, there are numerous possibilities, depending on the position of the chlorine atoms. In just one of these structures (Fig. 1), there are 25=32 different diastereomers, owing to the five optical sites (indicated by an asterisk). The raw materials most frequently used for the production of chlorinated paraffins are normal paraffin feedstocks, which fall into three main categories: 1) a liquid fraction including C10-C13 with an average of C12; 2) a liquid fraction including C14-C17 with an average of C15; and 3) a wax fraction including C20-C28 with an average of C24 (Strack, 1986).

 

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