GLUCONIC ACID

PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION
CAS NO. 526-95-4

GLUCONIC ACID
EINECS NO. 208-401-4
FORMULA CH2(OH)(CHOH)4COOH
MOL WT. 196.16

H.S. CODE

 2918.16.1000
TOXICITY Oral rat LD50: > 90 ml/kg
SYNONYMS D-Gluconic acid; Dextronic acid; Glosanto;
2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanoic acid; Gluconic acid; Glycogenic acid; Maltonic acid; Pentahydroxycaproic acid;
SMILES

O[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O)O)[C@H](C(O)=O)O

CLASSIFICATION

Gluconate; Monosaccharide, Food additive, Chelating agent, Sugar acid, Souring agent, Sequestering agent

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
PHYSICAL STATE

Commercially available as a aq. solution
MELTING POINT 131 C
BOILING POINT > 100 C (50% aq. solution)
SPECIFIC GRAVITY 1.23 - 1.25 (50% aq. solution)
SOLUBILITY IN WATER soluble
SOLVENT SOLUBILITY Slightly soluble in alcohol. Insoluble in ether and most organic solvents.
pH

1.8 (50% aq. solution)
log Pow -1.87 (Octanol-water)
VAPOR PRESSURE 3.72E-10 (mmHg)
HENRY'S LAW 4.74E-13 (atm-m3/mole at 25 C)
OH RATE 4.23E-11 (cm3/molecule-sec at 25 C Atmospheric)
VAPOR DENSITY  

AUTOIGNITION

 

NFPA RATINGS

 Health: 1; Flammability: 0; Reactivity: 0

REFRACTIVE INDEX

  
FLASH POINT  
STABILITY Stable under ordinary conditions. This material is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, copper, Copper alloys.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION & EXTERNAL LINKS
Gluconic acid is a polyhydroxycarboxylic acid with six carbon length. It is derived from glucose by oxidation of the aldehyde group on the C-1 to a carboxyl group. It is abundant in plants, fruits and other foodstuffs. Commercially the physiological d-form gluconic acid is prepared by fermentation process. It has a carboxylic group and five hydroxy groups, and thus is a good chelator particularly in alkaline conditions. Chelation is a chemical combination with a metal in complexes in which the metal is part of a ring. Organic ligand is called  chelator or chelating agent, the chelate is a metal complex. The larger number of ring closures to a metal atom is the more stable the compound. Chelation is applied in metal complex chemistry, organic and inorganic chemistry, biochemistry, and environment protection. It is used in chemotherapeutic treatments for metal poisoning. Chelating agents offers a wide range of sequestrants to control metal ions in aqueous systems. By forming stable water soluble complexes with multivalent metal ions,  chelating agents prevent undesired interaction by blocking normal reactivity of metal ions. Heavy metals are chelated in alkaline solution and their interferences are eliminated gluconic acid. Concentrated gluconic acid solution contains certain lactone structure, a neutral cyclic ester, showing antiseptic property. Gluconic acid and its derivatives (salts or esters) are used in the formulation of pharmaceuticals, foods, and cosmetics as mineral supplements to prevent the deficiency and as buffer salts. They are used as ingredients in various hygienic products. In industrial applications, they are used for scale removal in metal cleanings, industrial and household cleaning compounds including mouth washer, metal finishing, water treatments, and as paper and textile auxiliaries.

CAS RN of Salts: 299-27-4; 35087-77-5 (potassium salt), 527-07-1; 14906-97-9 (hydrochloride salt), 3632-91-5 (magnesium salt), 6485-39-8 (manganese salt), 10101-21-0 (strontium salt), 10361-31-6 (ammonium salt), 13005-35-1 (copper salt),  22830-45-1 (iron(+2) salt),  35984-19-1 (tin(+2) salt), 60007-93-4 (aluminum salt), 60816-70-8 (lithium salt), 82139-35-3 (zinc salt)

Wikipedia Linking: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluconic_acid

http://www.inchem.org/documents/sids/sids/gluconates.pdf
GLUCONIC ACID AND DERIVATIVES

http://www.gmo-compass.org/
Gluconic acid is produced from dextrose (glucose).
The tranformation of glucose to gluconic acid can be achieved with the aid of enzymes (glucose oxidase) or by fermentation with certain moulds.
With glucose, as with all products of starch saccharification, various applications of gene technology are possible.
Raw material: maize starch may consist partly of genetically modified maize, especially if the raw materials are imported out of the USA or Argentina. In some EU countries, genetically modified maize is grown on comparatively small areas and nonetheless is not used as raw material for foodstuff. This may change in the case that the cultivation of GM maize increases in significance. Ingredients derived from several types of GM maize are approved in the EU.
Enzymes solubilise plant starch and metabolise it into compounds that are classified as ingredients and additives. Several of these enzymes, such as amylases, glucose-isomerase and pullulanase (used in starch saccharification) are produced with help of GM microorganisms .
SALES SPECIFICATION (50% AQ. SOLUTION)

APPEARANCE

 clear to brown liquid

CONTENT

50.0% min
MELTING POINT apprx 12 C
SPECIFIC GRAVITY 1.23 - 1.26
REDUCING SUBSTANCES

8.0% max

TRANSPORTATION
PACKING  
HAZARD CLASS Not regulated
UN NO.  
OTHER INFORMATION
Hazard Symbols: XI, Risk Phrases: 36/37/38. Safety Phrases: 26-28A-37-37/39-45