MORPHOLINE

PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION

110-91-8

TOXICITY

MANUFACTURING

SMILES

C1COCCN1

CLASSIFICATION

Solvent

EXTRA NOTES

Overall Carcinogenic Evaluation: Group 3
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 054701
Flammable liquid [UN2054]
Other RN: 88542-81-8, 96122-95-1, 99108-56-2, 147366-31-2, 854893-20-2, 10024-89-2, 58464-45-2 (hydrochloride). 34668-73-0, 63079-67-4 (phosphate), 76088-23-8 (sulfite)

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

colorless, hygroscopic liquid free of suspended matter

129 C

miscible

Soluble in methanol, ethanol, acetone, benzene, ether, castor oil, ethylene glycol, 2-hexanone, linseed oil, turpentine, pine oil.

31 C

EXTERNAL LINKS & GENERAL DESCRIPTION

USA.gov - Morpholine

Wikipedia Linking - Morpholine

Google Scholar Search - Morpholine

U.S. National Library of Medicine - Morpholine

PubChem Compound Summary - Morpholine

KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) -  Morpholine

ChEBI (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/) -  Morpholine

NCBI (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) -  Morpholine

Material Safety Data Sheet - Morpholine

Human Metabolome Database - Morpholine

Hazardous Substances Data Bank - Morpholine

EPA - Substance Registry Services - Morpholine

Local:
Morpholine is a hygroscopic, weak basic, oily and  volatile liquid; with a characteristic amine odor; melting point -5 C,  boiling point at 129 C; miscible with water and with many alcohol organic solvents such methanol, ethanol, acetone, ethers, BTX (it is used as a solvent itself), but has limited solubility in alkaline solutions. It decomposes on heating resulting toxic nitrogen oxides and violently reacts with strong oxidants resulting fire hazard and attacking copper and its compounds. It can be prepared by the reductive ammonation of diethylene glycol with hydrogen, by the dehydration of diethanolamine with a strong acid (oleum) and by heating bis(chloroethyl)ether with excess ammonia. It is a cyclic amino ether as well as a secondary amine. 1,4-Dioxane is the form which nitrogen atom is replaced by oxygen. The ether property of morpholine is typically inert. The secondary amine property involves in the most chemical reactions. Morpholine is a versatile chemical. It is used as a solvent itself for resins, dyes, and waxes. Its alkyl derivatives (e.g. N-methylmorpholine, N-ethylmorpholine) are used as a catalyst for the production of polyurethane foams. Nitrogen in ring system involves in the introduction of sterically demanding asymmetric center to achieve effective stereocontrol. Morpholine has a similar volatility with water. It is used as a pH adjustment additive in fossil fuel and steam systems as a corrosion inhibitor. The most important use is as a chemical intermediate to prepare below compounds:

• Rubber chemicals for vulcanization and stabilization
• Corrosion inhibitors in boiler water treatment system and in aqueous hydraulic liquids to protect metals against corrosion and tarnish by acid fumes.
• Optical brighteners which are stable to chlorine bleaches for the use in detergent formulations
• Fatty acid salts for the formulation of water-resistant emulsifier or plasticizer in toiletry and cosmetic products.
• Sulfonamide bactericides or disinfectants
• Quaternary morpholinium salts for hair conditioners and deodorant products
• Colourants for hair dyes and blueprints
• Pharmaceuticals (analgesics, local anaesthetics, antibiotics, antimycotics and for anti-plaques)

APPEARANCE

clear liquid free of suspended matter

99.0% min

WATER

0.2% max

COLOR (APHA)

15 max

HAZARD OVERVIEW

GHS (Globally Harmonised System) Classification: Flammable liquids. Acute toxicity (Oral, Dermal). Skin corrosion. Serious eye damage. Hazard statements: Flammable liquid and vapour. Harmful if swallowed. Toxic in contact with skin. Causes severe skin burns and eye damage.

GHS

Danger

PICTOGRAMS

HAZARD STATEMENTS

H226-H302-H312-H314-H332

P STATEMENTS

P280-P305 + P351 + P338-P310

RISK PHRASES

10-20/21/22-45

SAFETY PHRASES

23-36-45