PHENANTHRENE

PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION

CAS NO. 85-01-8

PHENANTHRENE 

EINECS NO. 201-581-5
FORMULA C14H10
MOL WT. 178.23
H.S. CODE  

TOXICITY

 
SYNONYMS Phenanthren Phenanthrin Coal tar pitch volatiles:
phenanthrene Phenantrin
SMILES coal tar

CLASSIFICATION

 

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

Phenanthrene is a tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbonn (isomeric with anthracene) derived from coal tar melts at 99 C,boils at 340 C, insoluble in water but is soluble in most organic solvents such as toluene, carbon tetrachloride, ether, chloroform, acetic acid and benzene. It is a white crystalline substance with a bluish fluorescence. It is used in the synthesis of dyes, explosives and drugs. It can be used as a feed stock of carbon black.

Due to extended pi-electron cloud overlaps, organometallic molecules or aromatic oligometers such as anthracene exhibit semiconductor properties. Conductive polymers have extended delocalized bonds that creates electrical conductivity when charge carriers generated make positive charges (holes) and negative charges (electrons) move to opposite electrodes. Doping is the intentional impurities in a pure semiconductor to generate charge carriers. The transportation of charges is responsible for fluorescence and electrical energy. These can form well-ordered thin crystalline films. Organic semiconductors have some merits of self radiation, flexibility, light weight, easy fabrication, and low cost. Organic electroluminescence materials have lead to the rapid development of photovoltaic and display devices such as organic solar cells, biosensitizers, OLED(Organic Light Emiting Diode), OTFT(Organic Thin Film Transistor), Wearable Display, and e-Paper. Some examples of organic electroluminescence materials are:

  • Oligomer Electro Luminescence Materials
    • 8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum
    • Anthracene
    • Pentacene
    • Penyl substituent cyclopentadiene derivatives
    • Phthaloperinone derivatives
    • Perylene derivatives
    • Rubrene
  • Polymer Electro Luminescence Materials
    • Polyanilines
    • Poly(p-phenylenevinylene)s
    • Poly(thiophene)s
    • Poly(alkylfluorene)s
    • Poly(acetylene)s

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

PHYSICAL STATE White to yellow crystals
MELTING POINT 97 - 101 C
BOILING POINT 336 - 340 C
SPECIFIC GRAVITY 1.06 - 1.07
SOLUBILITY IN WATER Insoluble

SOLVENT SOLUBILITY

soluble in toluene, carbon tetrachloride, ether, chloroform, acetic acid and benzene.
AUTOIGNITION

 

pH

 

VAPOR DENSITY  
NFPA RATINGS Health: 1 Flammability: 1 Reactivity: 0
FLASH POINT

 

STABILITY Stable under ordinary conditions.

APPLICATIONS

Phenanthrene is used in the synthesis of dyes, explosives and drugs. It can be used as a feed stock of carbon black. It is a raw material of phenanthrenequinone which is widely used in the synthesis of dyes, agrochemical and preservatives.
SALES SPECIFICATION

APPEARANCE

White to yellow crystals
ASSAY

98.0% min

MELTING POINT 99 - 102 C
TRANSPORTATION
PACKING 25ks in bag. 1mt in bag
HAZARD CLASS  
UN NO.  
OTHER INFORMATION
Hazard Symbols: T, Risk Phrases: 45, Safety Phrases: 24/25

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF PAHs

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (also called polynuclear hydrocarbons) have two or more single or fused aromatic rings if a pair of carbon atoms is shared between rings in their molecules. In particular, the term 'PAH' refers to the compounds consisting of only carbon and hydrogen atoms while the wider term 'polycyclic aromatic compounds' includes the alkyl-substituted derivatives and functional derivatives such as nitro- and hydroxy-PAH as well as the heterocyclic analogues, which contain one or more hetero atoms in the aromatic structure. PAHs exist in various combinations that manifest various functions such as light sensitivity, heat resistance, conductivity, emittability, corrosion resistance and physiological action. The simplest examples are naphthalene having two benzene rings side by side and biphenyl having two bond-connected benzene rings. PAHs are not found in synthetic products and are non-essential for the growth of living cells. The general characteristics of PAH describe high melting- and boiling-points (they are solid), low vapour pressure, and very low water solubility, decreasing with increasing molecular weight whereas resistance to oxidation, reduction, and vapourization increases. Vapour pressure tends to decrease with increasing molecular weight. PAHs are highly lipophilic and readily soluble in organic solvents. The lower molecular weight PAHs of 2 or 3 ring groups such as naphthalenes, fluorenes, phenanthrenes, and anthracenes have toxicity which tends to decrease with increasing molecular weight. PAHs are not synthesized chemically for industrial purposes but are isolated from concentrated coal-tar products (or from pyrolysis of coal hydrocarbons) followed by subsequent purification through repeated distillation and crystallization. Some PAHs such as naphthalene are also obtained from the concentration of the high boiling residual oil (and asphalt) derived from crude petroleum refinery processing. These PAHs are mostly used as intermediaries in pharmaceuticals, agricultural products, photographic products, thermosetting plastics, lubricating materials, and other chemical industries. General uses are
  • Acenaphthene: Intermediate for naphthalic acids, naphthalic anhydride (intermediate for pigments) and for acenaphthylene (intermediate for resins) Intermediate for dyes, soaps, pigments, pharmaceuticals, insecticide, fungicide, herbicide and plant growth hormones. It is used to manufacture plastics and as an agent for inducing polyploidy.
  • Acridine: Dye and pharmaceutical manufacturing
  • Anthracene: Its oxidation yields anthraquinone, the parent substance of a large class of dyes and pigments .diluent for wood preservatives scintillant (for detection of high-energy radiation)
  • Fluoranthene: manufacturing fluorescent and vat dyes, pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.
  • Fluorene: basic subsance for production of dyes, pigments, pesticides, thermoset plstic and pharmaceuticals manufacturing fluorenone (mild oxidizing agent)
  • Naphthalene: In the production of phthalic anhydride, carbaryl insecticide, beta-naphthol, tanning agents, moth repellent, and surfactants - naphthalene: main use: production of phthalic anhydride (intermediate for polyvinyl chloride plasticizers) also, production of azo dyes, surfactants and dispersants, tanning agents, carbaryl (insecticide), alkylnaphthalene solvents (for carbonless copy paper), and use without processing as a fumigant (moth repellent)
  • Phenanthrene: manufacturing phenanthrenequinone (intermediate for pesticides) manufacturing diphenic acid (intermediate for resins)
  • Pyrene: manufacturing perinon pigments
  • Quinoline: solvent for resins & terpines decarboxylation agent parent compound to make drugs, fungicides, biocides, alkaloids, dyes, rubber chemicals and flavoring agents

Precise PAHs, specific refined products are used also in the field of electronics, functional plastics and liquid crystals. Pharmaceutical and agricultural PAHs obtained coal tar are such materials as indole, indolizine, indene, quinoline, quinalidine, isoquinoline and their derivatives. High boiling-point special solvent are such materials as tetoralin, decaline, methyl-naphthalenes. Coumarins and dihydrocoumarins which can be obtained coal tar are PAHs used in perfumery. Thermosensitive paper sensitizer PAHs are such materials as p-benzylbiphenyl and ethylbiphenyl.

EXAMPLES OF PAH PARENT COMPOUNDS

PENTALENE 

INDENE 

PENTALENE

INDENE (CAS RN: 95-13-6)

NAPHTHALENE 

 

NAPHTHALENE (CAS RN: 91-20-3)

AZULENE (CAS RN: 275-51-4)

HEPTALENE 

BIPHENYLENE 

HEPTALENE

BIPHENYLENE (CAS RN: 259-79-0)

as-INDACENE 

s-INDACENE 

as-INDACENE

s-INDACENE

ACENAPHTHALENE 

FLUORENE 

ACENAPHTHALENE (CAS RN: 83-32-9)

FLUORENE (CAS RN: 86-73-7)

PHENALENE 

ANTHRACENE 

PHENALENE (CAS RN: 203-80-5)

ANTHRACENE (CAS RN:120-12-7)

FLUORANTHENE 

ACEPHENANTHRYLENE 

FLUORANTHENE (CAS RN: 206-44-0)

ACEPHENANTHRYLENE

TRIPHENYLENE 

PYRENE 

TRIPHENYLENE (CAS RN: 217-59-4)

PYRENE (CAS RN: 129-00-0)

CHRYSENE 

NAPHTHACENE 

CHRYSENE (CAS RN: 218-01-9)

NAPHTHACENE (CAS RN: 92-24-0)

PLEIADENE 

PICENE 

PLEIADENE (CAS RN: )

PICENE (CAS RN: 213-46-7)

PERYLENE 

PENTAPHENE 

PERYLENE (CAS RN: 198-55-0)

PENTAPHENE (CAS RN: 222-93-5)

 

TETRAPHENYLENE

PENTACENE (CAS RN: 135-48-8)

TETRAPHENYLENE (CAS RN: 212-74-8)

RUBICENE 

CORONENE 

RUBICENE (CAS RN: 197-61-5)

CORONENE (CAS RN: 191-07-1)

PYRANTHRENE 

OVALENE 

PYRANTHRENE (CAS RN: 191-13-9)

OVALENE (CAS RN:190-26-1)