2,3,4-TRIHYDROXYBENZALDEHYDE

PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION
CAS NO. 2144-08-3

2,3,4-TRIHYDROXYBENZALDEHYDE

EINECS NO. 218-404-2
FORMULA (OH)3C6H2CHO
MOL WT. 154.12

H.S. CODE

  

TOXICITY

  
SYNONYMS 2,3,4-Trihidroxibenzaldehído;
Pyrogallolaldehyde; 2,3,4-Trihydroxybenzaldéhyde;
DERIVATION

 

CLASSIFICATION

  

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

PHYSICAL STATE white to yellowish crystalline powder
MELTING POINT 159 - 162 C
BOILING POINT

 

SPECIFIC GRAVITY  
SOLUBILITY IN WATER  
pH  
VAPOR DENSITY

 

REFRACTIVE INDEX

 

NFPA RATINGS

 Health: 1; Flammability: 1; Reactivity: 0

AUTOIGNITION

 

FLASH POINT

112 C

STABILITY Stable under normal conditions.

APPLICATIONS
There are three isomeric compounds of trihydroxybenzene molecule structure, which all have traditional names respectively. Their names are related with the equivalent dihydroxybenzene compounds. The names of the three compounds indicate which of the hydrogens on the benzene ring portion of the molecule have been replaced by hydroxyl groups. The isomer of 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene is called pyrogallic acid (or pyrogallol).  This compound is a poisonous acid, derived from gallic acid, and used  in the manufacturing colorants such as azo dyes and photographic developers and externally as an antimicrobial to treat certain skin diseases. Phloroglucin (or called phloroglucinol) is 1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene which presents as the genin of many glycosides, particulrally in the bark of apple and other trees. It is used in as a reagent for pentoses, pentosans, glycuronates, hydrochloric acid in gastric juice. It is an excellent bone decalcifying agent and a floral preservative. It is used in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals. The 1,2,4- isomer is hydroxyquinol (or called hydroxyhydroquinone). Trihydroxybenzenes have three hydroxyl groups in one benzene ring. They can derive numerous esters and salts. They are used as chemical intermediate to synthesis target molecules of pharmaceuticals, pesticides, stabilizer, antioxidant, colorants, perfumes, photoinitiators, and other organic compounds. Methoxylated phenol family compounds have bacteriostatic and  floral preservative properties.  They are used in pharmaceuticals and flavorings. They are used in formulating insect attractants, analgesics, biocides and antiseptics. They are also used in manufacturing stabilizers, antioxidants, and UV absorbers for plastics and rubbers.  An example of target product from 1,3,5-Trimethoxybenzene is buflomedil, a vasoactive agent which improves the symptoms of impaired blood circulation.
SALES SPECIFICATION

APPEARANCE

 white to off-white crystalline powder

ASSAY

99.0% min
MELTING POINT

159 - 162 C

MOISTURE

 0.5% max
TRANSPORTATION
PACKING
 
HAZARD CLASS  
UN NO.  
OTHER INFORMATION
Hazard Symbols: , Risk Phrases: , Safety Phrases: 24/25
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF BENZALDEHYDE
Benzaldehyde(also called Benzenecarbonal) is the simplest representative of the aromatic aldehydes. It is a colorless liquid aldehyde with a characteristic almond odor. It boils at 180°C, is soluble in ethanol, but is insoluble in water. Benzaldehyde is formed by partial oxidation of benzyl alcohol and readily oxidized to benzoic acid and is converted to addition products by hydrocyanic acid or sodium bisulfite. It is also prepared by oxidation of toluene or benzyl chloride or by treating benzal chloride with an alkali, e.g., sodium hydroxide. It is used chiefly in the synthesis of other organic compounds, ranging from pharmaceuticals to plastic additives and benzaldehyde is an important intermediate for the processing of perfume and flavouring compounds and in the preparation of certain aniline dyes. It is the first step in the synthesis for fragrances.It undergoes simultaneous oxidation and reduction with alcoholic potassium hydroxide, giving potassium benzoate and benzyl alcohol. It is converted to benzoin with alcoholic potassium cyanide, with anhydrous sodium acetate and acetic anhydride, giving cinnamic acid. Compounds which do not have alpha-hydrogen atoms cannot form an enolate ion and do not undergo electrophilic alpha-substitution and aldol condensation. Aromatic aldehydes such as benzaldehyde and formaldehyde may undergo disproportionation in concentrated alkali (Cannizaro's reaction); one molecule of the aldehyde is reduced to the corresponding alcohol and another molecule is simultaneously oxidized to the salt of a carboxylic acid. The speed of the reaction depends on the substituents in the aromatic ring. Two different types of aldehydes (aromatic and aliphatic) can undergo crossing reaction to form fomaldehyde and aromatic alcohols.