GRAMINE

PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION

CAS NO.

 87-52-5

GRAMINE
EINECS NO. 201-749-8
FORMULA C11H14N2
MOL WT. 174.25

H.S. CODE

  

TOXICITY

  
SYNONYMS Donaxine; beta-Dimethylaminomethylindole;
3-[(Dimethylamino)methyl] Indole; 3-(N,N-Dimethylaminomethyl) Indole; N,N-Dimethyl- 1H-indole-3-methylamine; (1H-Indol-3-ylmethyl)-dimethyl-amine; 3-Dimethylaminomethyl Indol; 1H-Indol-3-yl-N,N-dimethylmethanamine;
DERIVATION

 

CLASSIFICATION

 

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

PHYSICAL STATE white to yellow crystalline powder
MELTING POINT 133 - 134 C
BOILING POINT  
SPECIFIC GRAVITY  
SOLUBILITY IN WATER Insoluble (soluble in alcohol,ether,toluene and chloroform, slightly soluble in acetone)
pH  
VAPOR DENSITY

 
AUTOIGNITION

 
NFPA RATINGS  

REFRACTIVE INDEX

  
FLASH POINT 167 C
STABILITY

Stable under ordinary conditions. Light sensitive.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION & APPLICATIONS
Indole, benzopyrrole, is a yellow crystalline powder with unpleasant aroma. It has the pyrrole ring (five-membered unsaturated ring structure composed of four carbon atoms and one nitrogen atom) which is fused to benzene ring. There are tautomerer called indolenine (unsubstituted 3H-indole) and structural isomer, isoindole. But they are unstable. Indole occurs in some plants or in coal tar, and is formed in the intestine during putrefaction and by certain cultures of bacteria. it is commercially synthesized from phenylhydrazine and pyruvic acid.  Indole structure is a motif in nature. Prominent examples include tryptophan (aromatic side chain amino acid), serotonin (neurotransmitter), auxin (plant growth hormone), and indigo (plant colorant). One more interesting point is all these compounds have functional branches at 3 position. Indole is used in perfumery and in preparing tryptophan, one of the 20 amino acids commonly found in animal proteins. It has important application in the industry of plant growth. It is used to prepare indoleacetic acid (auxin) and other plant growth substances which help the development of roots in plant. It is used to make selective herbicides. Indole and its derivatives are widely used in making perfumes, dyes, agrochemicals and medicines.  

Gramine (also called donaxine) is an indolealkylamine alkaloid found in in several plant species including barley; white toxic crystalline powder; melting point 133 C. Gramine plays a role in plant defense mechanism. Despite being widely available in several plant species, gramine is far easier to synthesize directly from indole via a Mannich reaction with dimethylamine and formaldehyde. It is  a starting material to prepare tryptamines (biological monoamine) and tryptophans (indole side chain amino acid) or other biological compounds.

SALES SPECIFICATION

APPEARANCE

 white crystalline powder
ASSAY

99.0.% min

LOSS ON DRYING

0.5% ax

SULFATED ASH

0.5% max
TRANSPORTATION
PACKING
 
HAZARD CLASS  
UN NO.  
OTHER INFORMATION
Hazard Symbols: C, Risk Phrases: 34, Safety Phrases: 26-36/37/39-45
GRAMINE PRODUCT LIST
  • Gramine [CAS RN: 87-52-5]
  • 5-Fluorogramine [CAS RN: 343-90-8]
  • 5-Bromogramine [CAS RN: 830-93-3]
  • 5-Benzyloxygramine [CAS RN: 1453-97-0]
  • 7-Nitrogramine [CAS RN: 1654-34-8]
  • 5-Acetyl-2-carbethoxygramine hydrochloride [CAS RN: 3286-24-6]
  • 5-Nitrogramine [CAS RN: 3414-64-0]
  • 5-Aminogramine [CAS RN: 3414-74-2]
  • 5-Dimethylaminogramine [CAS RN: 6843-25-0]
  • 5-Dimethylaminogramine bis methiodide [CAS RN: 6884-79-3]
  • 6-Nitrogramine [CAS RN: 6954-87-6]
  • 7-Methylgramine [CAS RN: 13712-78-2]
  • Methoxygramine [CAS RN: 16620-52-3]
  • 5-Cyanogramine [CAS RN: 25514-67-4]
  • 5-Methylgramine [CAS RN: 30218-58-7]
  • 5-Acetylgramine [CAS RN: 54531-17-8]
  • 2,6-Dibromo-1-methylgramine hydrobromide [CAS RN: 87401-27-2]
  • 5-Dimethylaminogramine bismethochloride [CAS RN: 101710-72-9]