| Pyrrole: One of
a class of organic heterocyclic compounds of five-membered diunsaturated ring
structure composed of four carbon atoms and one nitrogen atom. The simplest
member of the pyrrole family is pyrrole itself, a basic heterocyclic compound;
colorless to pale yellow, toxic oil with pungent taste and similar to chloroform
odor; insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol, ether, and dilute acids; boils at
129 - 131 C; polymerizes in light. Pyrrole ring system is involved in coloured
products (green pigment, chlorophyll; red, hemoglobin; , blue, indigo) in
nature. Pyrrolidine, the saturated tetrahydropyrrole, is part of the structures
of amino acids (proline, hydroxyproline and hygrine). Pyrroline is a pyrrole in
which one of the two double bonds has been hydrogenated. Pyrrole and its
derivatives are widely used as an intermediate in synthesis of pharmaceuticals,
medicines, agrochemicals, dyes, photographic chemicals, perfumes and other
organic compounds. They are also used as catalysts for polymerization process,
corrosion inhibitors, preservatives, and as solvents for resins and terpenes.
They are used in metallurgical processes. They are useful in the intensive study
of transition-metal complex catalyst chemistry for uniform polymerization,
luminescence chemistry and spectrophotometric analysis. Pyrrolidone is
a keto-pyrrole, that is a 5-membered
lactam
structure compound (gamma-butyrolactam).
Lactam structure compound including pyrrolidone has
good solvency property,
therefore
useful in industrial application. It is an important part of antibiotics, such as penicillin.
These structures, cyclic esters and analogues, are active nucleuses in
pharmacological activity and flavorings. Lactams have big demand
in artificial fibre industry. They are polymerizable
and used as nylon precursors. 2-Pyrrolidone is
used as a solvent
for surface treatment for textiles,
metal coated plastics, polymers, and paint removing.
Pyrrolidone
and its derivatives are
used as Intermediates for the synthesis
of agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, textile
auxiliaries, plasticizers, polymer solvent,
stabilizers, specialty inks and as a nylon
precursor. |
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Lactone is an internal cyclic monoester (anhydride) derived from the hydroxyl
and carboxyl radicals of gamma or delta hydroxy acids by the removal of a H2O between a carboxyl and a hydroxyl group in the same molecule;
gamma-hydroxybutyric acid forms gamma-butyrolactone and delta-hydroxydecanoic
acid forms delta-decalactone spontaneously. In result, prefixes describe the ring size: beta- is
for 4-membered ring), gamma-
, 5-membered, and delta-, 6-membered ring. Lactam (a cyclic amide) is the
nitrogen analog of lactone. Gamma-aminobutyric acid forms gamma-butyrolactam
(also called 2-pyrrolidinone). Lactim is the tautomeric enol form of lactam. Lactam structure,
a heteroatomic cyclic amide compound, is an important part in
antibiotics such as penicillin.
These structures, cyclic esters and analogues, are active nucleuses in
pharmacological activity and flavorings. Their good solvency properties also
useful in industrial application. Lactams have big demand
in artificial fibre industry. They are polymerizable
and used as nylon precursors.
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