|
Wikipedia
Linking
Google
Scholar Search
Drug
Information Portal (U.S. National Library of Medicine) - L-Alanine
PubChem
Compound
Summary
- L-Alanine
KEGG
(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) - Alanine
http://www.ebi.ac.uk/
- Alanine
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
- Alanine
Material
Safety Data Sheet
http://www.aminoacidsguide.com/
Alanine is basically a non-essential amino
acid sometimes found in high levels in its free state in human plasma. This
amino acid is synthesized by reductive amination of pyruvate, and participates
in sugar and acid metabolism. It is also known for increasing immunity and
providing energy for brain and central nervous system, let alone the muscle
tissue. In addition, Alanine plays a central role in glucose-Alanine cycle
taking place between tissues and liver. In a nutshell, Alanine helps your body
convert the simple sugar called glucose into energy you need, while eliminating
excess toxins from your liver. As you know, amino acids are the building blocks
of proteins, thus becoming a key to building muscles, and Alanine is also there
in the list, helping protect cells from being damaged during intense physical
activity. Then, due to the fact that fluid in the prostate gland contains this
amino acid, the suggestions were made that Alanine may help treat benign
prostatic hyperplasia, which is the condition in which the prostate
enlarges.
Local:
L-Alanine is one of the most important
amino acids released by muscle, functioning as a major energy source. Excess L-Alanine may be broken down into glucose
and used as an energy source. Alanine is a non-essential amino acid which body can make from pyruvate.
Alanine is also an inhibitory or
calming neurotransmitter in brain.
L-Alanine is
a crystalline free form, soluble in water.
GENERAL
DESCRIPTION OF AMINO ACID: Amino Acid is any of the organic compounds in which one (or more ) amino group
(-NH2) and one (or more ) carboxylic acid group (-COOH) are both present
with general formula R-CH(NH2)COOH
containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and in certain cases sulfur atoms. Two groups attached to the same carbon
(called the alpha-carbon atom at the end of the compound) are polymerized to form
peptides and proteins. The amine group is protonated to form -NH3+ at low pH. The
carboxylic acid group is deprotonated to form -CO2- at high pH. The carbon atom
in the carboxyl group of one amino acid binds covalently to the nitrogen atom in
the amino group of another amino acid to form a peptide bond with the release of
a water molecule. Proteins are synthesized through the covalent chemical
polypeptide bonds. The sequence of these amino acids in the protein polypeptides
determines the shape, properties, and hence biological role of the protein that
function as chemical messengers and as intermediates in metabolism. Proteins are
composed of various proportions of about 20 commonly occurring amino acids.
Plants or other biological systems can synthesize amino acids from simple
inorganic compounds, but animals rely on adequate supplies in their diet. More
than 100 common amino acids occur in plants or in other microorganic systems.
The 20 amino acids commonly found in animals are Alanine, Arginine, Asparagine,
Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine,
Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine,
Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, and Valine. Many of the amino acids can be
synthesized in the human or animal body from other cellular metabolites when needed (called Non-essential Amino
Acids). Animals are not able to synthesize some amino acids necessary in
metabolism in sufficient quantities. It must therefore be present in the diet
(called Essential Amino Acids). In man, these essential amino acids are
Arginine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine,
Threonine, Tryptophan and Valine.
|
Amino Acid
|
Abbreviation
|
Formula (Mol WT)
|
pK1
|
pK2
|
pKR
|
pI
|
Hydropathy Index
|
|
3-Letters
|
1-Letter
|
-COOH
|
-NH3+
|
R group
|
| Alanine |
Ala
|
A
|
C3H7NO2 (89.09) |
2.34
|
9.69
|
-
|
6.00
|
1.8
|
| Arginine |
Arg
|
R
|
C6H14N4O2(174.20) |
2.17
|
9.04
|
12.48
|
10.76
|
-4.5
|
| Asparagine |
Asn
|
N
|
C4H8N2O3(132.12) |
2.02
|
8.80
|
-
|
5.41
|
-3.5
|
| Aspartic Acid |
Asp
|
D
|
C4H7NO4(133.10) |
1.88
|
9.60
|
3.65
|
2.77
|
-3.5
|
| Cysteine |
Cys
|
C
|
C3H7NO2S(240.30) |
1.96
|
10.128
|
8.18
|
5.07
|
2.5
|
| Glutamic Acid |
Glu
|
E
|
C5H9NO4(147.13) |
2.19
|
9.67
|
4.25
|
3.22
|
-3.5
|
| Glutamine |
Gln
|
Q
|
C5H10N2O3(146.15) |
2.17
|
9.13
|
-
|
5.65
|
-3.5
|
| Glycine |
Gly
|
G
|
C2H5O2(75.07) |
2.34
|
9.60
|
-
|
5.97
|
-0.4
|
| Histidine |
His
|
H
|
C6H9N3O2(155.16) |
1.82
|
9.17
|
6.00
|
7.59
|
-3.2
|
| Isoleucine |
Ile
|
I
|
C6H13NO2(131.18) |
2.36
|
9.60
|
-
|
6.02
|
4.5
|
| Leucine |
Leu
|
L
|
C6H13NO2(131.18) |
2.36
|
9.60
|
-
|
5.98
|
3.8
|
| Lysine |
Lys
|
K
|
C6H14N2O2(146.19) |
2.18
|
8.95
|
10.53
|
9.74
|
-3.9
|
| Methionine |
Met
|
M
|
C5H11NO2S(149.21) |
2.28
|
9.21
|
-
|
5.74
|
1.9
|
| Phenylalanine |
Phe
|
F
|
C9H11NO2(165.19) |
1.83
|
9.13
|
-
|
5.48
|
2.8
|
| Proline |
Pro
|
P
|
C5H9NO2(115.13) |
1.99
|
10.60
|
-
|
6.30
|
1.6
|
| Serine |
Ser
|
S
|
C3H7NO3(105.19) |
2.21
|
9.15
|
-
|
5.58
|
-0.8
|
| Threonine |
Thr
|
T
|
C4H9NO3(119.12) |
2.09
|
9.10
|
-
|
5.60
|
-0.7
|
| Tryptophan |
Trp
|
W
|
C11H10N2O2(204.23) |
2.83
|
9.39
|
-
|
5.89
|
-0.9
|
| Tyrosine |
Tyr
|
Y
|
C9H11NO3(181.19) |
2.20
|
9.11
|
10.07
|
5.66
|
-1.3
|
| Valine |
Val
|
V
|
C5H11NO2(117.15) |
2.32
|
9.62
|
-
|
5.96
|
4.2
|
|
