ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID

PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION
CAS NO.

50-78-2

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID

EINECS NO. 200-064-1
FORMULA CH3COOC6H4COOH
MOL WT. 180.16

H.S. CODE

 3004.90

TOXICITY

 Oral rat LD50: 200 mg/kg
SYNONYMS

ASPIRIN; 2-(acetyloxy)-Benzoic acid; Solpyron; Ecotrin;
Colfarit; Asatylin; Acetophen; Acetosal; Rhodine; o-Acetoxybenzoic Acid; Extren; Benaspir; Entericin; Bialpirinia; Contrheuma Retard; Salicylic Acid Acetate; Acetylsalicylsaure (German); Acido Acetilsalicilico (Italian); Acimetten; Acide Acetylsalicylique (French); Acido o-Acetil-benzoico (Italian); 2-Acetoxybenzoova (Czech); Kyselina Acetylsalicylova (Czech);
SMILES 2-Hydroxy-Benzoic Acid - Salicylic acid ( 69-72-7 )

CLASSIFICATION

 

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

Acetylsalicylic Acid, also known by trade name Aspirin, is an acetyl derivative of salicylic acid that is a white, crystalline, weakly acidic substance, with melting point 137°C. It is useful in the relief of headache and muscle and joint aches. Aspirin is also effective in reducing fever, inflammation, and swelling and thus has been used for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatic fever, and mild infection. Large doses cause acid-base imbalance and respiratory disturbances and can be fatal, especially in children. Acetaminophen (known by trade name Tylenol), which does not cause gastric irritation but does lower fever and relieve pain, is often substituted for Aspirin.

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
PHYSICAL STATE

Odorless, Colourless or a white crystalline powder

MELTING POINT

136 C (with decomposition)

BOILING POINT

140 C

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

1.35

SOLUBILITY IN WATER 1g/100g water @ 37C
pH  
VAPOR DENSITY

 

AUTOIGNITION

 

NFPA RATINGS

 Health: 2 Flammability: 1 Reactivity: 0

REFACTIVE INDEX

 

FLASH POINT

 

STABILITY Stable in dry air (hydrolyzes in moist air, decomposes in hot water)

APPLICATIONS

Acetylsalicylic Acid is used in analgesics, anti-inflammatories, antipyretics, anticoagulants and anti-rheumatics. It is also used as an additive in food, animal feed, drug and cosmetic.

Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs); chemically heterogeneous large groups of drugs which suppress inflammation in a manner similar to steroids, but less side effects of sedation, respiratory depression, or addiction than steroids. They are widely used for the treatment of inflammatory disorders and painful conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis, painful menstruation, and headache. They are effective in the relief of pain and fever. NSAIDs inhibit the cyclooxygenase (COX) activity resulting in decreased synthesis of prostaglandin, leukotriene and thromboxane precursors such as the ubiquitous enzyme which catalyzes the initial step in the synthesis of prostanoids. Prostanoid is any of a group of C-20 fatty acids complex with an internal five or six carbon rings such as prostaglandins, prostanoic acid, prostacyclins, and thromboxane; derived from arachidonic acid (C-20 polyunsaturated fatty acid with four cis double bonds). The action or the synthesis of prostanoids are involved in the modulation of a variety of pathophysiologic processes including inflammation, hemostasis, thrombosis, cytoprotection,  ulceration, hemodynamics and other the progression of kidney diseases. Thus, NSAIDs as non-selective inhibitors of the cyclooxygenases (both the cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 isoenzymes) may have beneficial as well as untoward effects on a variety of human diseases. Low stomach prostanoid levels caused by COX-1 inhibitors can result in ulceration and internal bleeding and perforation. The selective COX-2 inhibitors such as oxicam, meloxicam, and coxibs (celecoxib, rofecoxib, valdecoxib, parecoxib and etoricoxib) do not interfere with COX-1. The most prominent NSAID is aspirin. Nonaspirin NSAIDs can be classified based on chemical structures.

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAID) by chemical structure

  • Carboxylic Acid Groups
    • Salicylates (Acetylsalicylate, Choline salicylate, Diflunisal, Magnesium choline salicylate, Magnesium salicylate, Salsalate)
    • Acetic Acids (Bendazac, Diclofenac, Etodolac, Indomethacin, Ketorolac, Nabumetone, Sulindac, Tolmetin)
    • Propionic acids (Carprofen, Fenoprofen, Flurbiprofen, Ibuprofen, Ketoprofen, Loxoprofen, Naproxen, Naproxen sodium, Oxaprozin, Vedaprofen)
    • Anthranilic acids (Meclofenamic acid, Meclofenamate sodium, Tolfenamic acid)
    • Phenylacetic acids
    • Aminonicotinic acids (Flunixin)
    • Indole Analogs (Indomethacin, Nabumetone, Ketorolac, Etodolac,)
  • Enolic Acid Groups (which doesn't have carboxylic group but acid due to the enolic hydroxy substituent)
    • Pyrazolones (Phenylbutazone, Oxyphenbutazone, Dipyrone, Ramifenazone)
    • Oxicams (Meloxicam, Piroxicam, Tenoxicam)
  • Coxibs
    • Celecoxib, Rofecoxib, Valdecoxib, Parecoxib, Etoricoxib
  • Gold Salts
    • Auranofin, Gold sodium thiomalate, Aurothioglucose
SALES SPECIFICATION

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BP / USP / JP

APPEARANCE

white to off-white crystalline powder

IDENTITY

Complies

SOLUTION IN ETHANOL

Colourless, Clear

ASSAY

99.5 to 100.5 %

FREE SALICYLIC ACID

0.1 % max

LOSS ON DRYING

0.5 % max

SULPHATED ASH

0.1 % max

HEAVY METALS (as Pb)

20 ppm max

RELATED SUBSTANCES

0.25% max

PARTICLE SIZE

Retained on 180 µm (50 % maximum)
Retained on 710 µm (10 % maximum)

TRANSPORTATION
PACKING

25kgs in Fiber Drum

HAZARD CLASS 6.1 (Packing Group: III)
UN NO. 2811
OTHER INFORMATION
Hazard Symbols: XN, Risk Phrases: 22/36/37/38, Safety Phrases:26/28

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF SALICYLIC ACID

Salicylic Acid is a white crystalline powder or needle-shaped crystals with sweetish taste; soluble in acetone, ether, alcohol, boiling water, benzene and turpentine, sparingly soluble in chloroformbenzene, slightly soluble in water; melts at 158°C. The sodium salt form (sodium salicylate) is common commercially, prepared from mainly sodium phenolate with carbon dioxide under heating and pressure. It contains both a hydroxyl and a carboxyl group, which react with either an acid or an alcohol. The carboxyl group forms esters with alcohols; e.g. methyl salicylate is formed with methanol, which used in food flavorings and preservatives; menthyl salicylate is formed with methanol, which is used in suntan lotions. The hydroxyl group reacts with acetic acid to form acetylsalicylic acid (called aspirin) which is the most widely common antiseptic and antipyretic agent. Phenyl salicylate (called salol) is formed with phenol, which is also used as an antiseptic and antipyretic agent. The sodium salt (Sodium salicylate), a shiny white powder, is used for antiseptics preparations and as a preservative. In addition to its analgesic and antipyretic properties, salicylic acid possesses keratinolytic properties and fungicidal properties. It ans its derivatives are used in the treatment of hyperkeratotic, dandruff, ichthyosis and psoriasis as well as in the treatment of fungal skin infections such as tinea. Para-Aminosalicylic acid (abbreviated PAS and PASA) is an analogue of para-aminobenzoic acid (abbreviated PABA) that inhibits folic acid synthesis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is bacteriostatic, inhibits growth and multiplication of the tubercle bacillus. Para-Aminosalicylic acid and its sodium salt (sodium p-Aminosalicylate) are bacteriostatic against mycobacteria and used in the treatment of tuberculosis; administered orally. Brand names are Tubasal, Nemasol Sodium and etc. Aminosalicylic acids are pharmaceutically active ingredients including anti-infectives against colds, flu, or other virus infections. Mesalamine (5-aminosalicylic acid, abbreviated 5-ASA) an active metabolite of sulfasalazine, used to treat inflammation of the rectum and lower colon, mild to moderate ulcerative colitis proctosigmoiditis, and proctitis. Para-Aminosalicylic acid (4-hydroxybenzoic acid) is used as an intermediate of bacteriostatic agent specially for parabens (alkyl esters of p-hydroxy benzoic acid) which used in food and personal care products as a preservative. It is applied in the production of liquid crystal polymers. It is also used as an intermediate of dyes, insecticides, pharmaceutical, pesticides and other chemical compounds. Salicylic Acid and its derivatives are important for the preparation of other pharmaceutical products, dyes, flavours, and preservatives.