CAMPHOR

PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION
CAS NO. 76-22-2

CAMPHOR

EINECS NO. 200-945-0
FORMULA C10H16O
MOL WT. 152.24

H.S. CODE

 2914.21

TOXICITY

 
SYNONYMS 2-Camphanone; 2-camphonone; 2-Bornanone;
1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]-2-heptanone; 1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one; Caladryl; 2-Kamfanon; 2-Keto-1,7,7-trimethylnorcamphane; 2-Oxobornane; Huile de camphre (French); Kampfer ([German); 1,7,7-Trimethylnorcamphor;
SMILES pinene

CLASSIFICATION

  

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

PHYSICAL STATE White  crystals
MELTING POINT 174 - 179 C
BOILING POINT

204 C

SPECIFIC GRAVITY 0.992
SOLUBILITY IN WATER Insoluble
pH  
VAPOR DENSITY

5.24

AUTOIGNITION

870 C

NFPA RATINGS

 

REFRACTIVE INDEX

 

FLASH POINT

 

STABILITY

Stable under ordinary conditions

GENERAL DESCRIPTION & EXTERNAL LINKS
Camphor is a white crystalline bicyclic saturated terpene ketone with a characteristic pungent odor and taste,that is flammable and volatile; melting at 176 C, boiling at 204°C and specific gravity 0.992. It is insoluble in water but soluble in alcohol, ether, chloroform, Benzene, carbon disulphide and other solvents. Camphor was formerly obtained from the wood of the Taiwanese camphor laurel tree (cinnamomum camphora), but now is synthesized from pinene which is obtained by refining crude turpentine oil. It is used as a plasticizer in the manufacture of celluloid film and some lacquers. It is used as an insect repellent and in pyrotechnics. It provides cooling effect when applied to the skin. It is applied topically to the skin as well as in pharmaceuticals as an antipruritic and anti-infective. It is used for rubefacient preparations in medicine to relieve mild pain and itching. Other rubefacients include benzyl nicotinate, methyl and ethyl salicylate, glycol salicylate, methyl nicotinate, capsaicin and capsicum oleoresin. Camphor is also an ingredient in cough remedies, ear drops, and preparations for the removal of corns and verrucas. Camphor similar compounds include:

 
Anethole (Anise Camphor): a white crystals anise oil similar odur; melting point 22.5 C; slightly soluble in water; light sensitive. It is btained from anise and fennel oils and other sources, or prepared synthetically. It is used in perfumes and flavors and as a flavoring agent for drugs. It is used as a sensitizer in color-bleaching processes in color photography.

Menthol (Peppermint Camphor): ) a white crystalline compound with a characteristic pungent odor; freely soluble in alcohols, ether, and chloroform. It is obtained from mint oils (mainly peppermint) or made synthetically from coal tar.  It exists in levo or dextro isomer forms.  Menthol imparts a tingling sensation to the skin and used in skin fresheners like after-shave and suntan lotions. It has a local anesthetic property for short-term relief of minor sore throat and minor muscle aches. It is used in medicines and perfumes, and as a mint flavoring agent. End applications include toothpaste, cough drops, ice cream, chewing gum, shampoo, medical plaster.

Thymol (Thyme Camphor): a white crystals with camphor like odor, is a phenolic compound obtained naturally from thyme oil (or other volatile oils) or prepared synthetically. It is very slightly soluble in water; soluble in paraffin oil and alcohol. It is used as a stabilizer in pharmaceutical and as a topical antiseptic, antibacterial, and anti-fungal agent. It is also used as a flavoring agent for drugs (camphor, herbal, wintergreen,disinfectants, origanum )



Wikipedia Linking:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camphor

http://chestofbooks.com/.....Camphor can be isolated from the volatile oils containing it by freezing, if necessary after fractionation. It consists of a granular-crystalline, colorless, translucent mass with a decided tendency toward sublimation. It has a characteristic odor and is readily soluble in organic solvents. When cast on water, small pieces rotate in a very lively manner. By various observers its properties have been recorded as follows: d18o 0,9853 (determined for /-camphor);4) m. p. 176,3 to 176,5°; b. p. 209,1° (759 mm., mercury completely within the vapor);5) m. p. 178,4°; [a]D + 41,44° and - 42,76°;6) m. p. 175°; b. p. 204°;7) m. p. 175°; b. p. 204°; [a]D + 44,22° in 20 p. c. alcoholic solution.8)
The world's consumption of camphor is very large, for the manufacture of celluloid ware alone enormous quantities are used. It is also used extensively in the manufacture of smokeless powder, for disinfection and for medicinal purposes. This great demand has given rise to its synthetic production from turpentine spirits on a commercial scale. In general, one of two methods is followed: Either pinene is converted into bornyl chloride by means of hydrogen chloride, which by way of cam-phene and Isoborneol is changed to camphor; or pinene is directly converted into esters of borneol or isoborneol.
SALES SPECIFICATION

TECH GRADE

APPEARANCE

white crystals

CONTENT

96.0% min

MELTING POINT

168 - 179 C

NONVOLATILES

0.5% max

BP/USP

APPEARANCE

white crystals

CONTENT

96.0% min

OPTICAL ROTATION

-1.5 ~ +1.5 °

MELTING POINT

172 - 180 C
TRANSPORTATION
PACKING
25kgs in cardboard
HAZARD CLASS 4.1 (Packing group: III)
UN NO. 2717
OTHER INFORMATION
Hazard Symbols: XI F, Risk Phrases: 11-20/21/22-36/37/38, Safety Phrases: 16-26-36

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF TERPENE
A class of naturally occurring compounds mainly in plants as constituents of essential oils whose carbon skeletons are composed exclusively of isoprene C5 units (CH2=C(CH3)-CH=CH2). Most terpenes are hydrocarbons having molecular formula (C5H8)n in a cyclic or acyclic, saturated or unsaturated structure, while the terpenoids are oxygen-containing analogues of the terpenes such as alcohols, aldehydes or ketones containing hydroxyl groups or carbonyl groups. Several vitamines, hormones, flavour and flagrances and latex are terpenoids. Terpenes containing 30 or more carbons are usually formed by the fusion of two terpene precursors in a regular pattern, usually head-to-tail appears to be violated. They are differ from one another not only in functional groups but also in their basic carbon skeletons. Terpenes are employed mainly the fragrance and flavour purpose, as well as in the pharmaceutical and chemical industries. They are classified by the number of isoprene units:

Class

number of isoprene

Examples

Hemiterpene

1 (C5H8)

 Found in associated with Alkaloids, Coumarins and Flavonoids.

Monoterpenes

2 (C10H16)

 Geraniol, Citronellol, Pinene, Nerol, Citral, Camphor, Menthol, Limonene, Thujone

Sesquiterpenes

3 (C15H24)

 Nerolidol, Farnesol

Diterpenes

4 (C20H32)

 Phytol, Vitamin A1

Triterpenes

6 (C30H48)

 Squalene

Tetraterpenes

8 (C40H84)

 Carotene (Provitamin A1)

Polyterpenes

 >10 (C5H8)n