PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION

H.S. CODE

TOXICITY

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CLASSIFICATION

Antibacterial, Antibiotic, Anti-infective Agent, Gastrointestinal Agent, Macrolide

EXTRA NOTES

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

AUTOIGNITION

NFPA RATINGS

REFRACTIVE INDEX

Stable under ordinary conditions.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION & EXTERNAL LINKS

The macrolides, derived from Streptomyces bacteria, are a group of antibiotics that inhibits protein synthesis by bacteria at the 50S ribosome. They are characterized by a macrocyclic ring (a large ring molecule with many functional groups bonded to it) and a large lactone ring in the molecular structure. They are usually used for respiratory tract, skin, and genitourinary infections. Erythromycins inhibits protein synthesis in some microorganisms and are used as an antibiotic against many kinds of infections caused by gram-positive bacteria, including some beta-hemolytic streptococci, pneumococci and staphylococci as well as gram-negative bacteria and some fungi. It is used also in the treatment of upper and lower respiratory tract infections caused by chlamydia trachomatis and intestinal amebiasis. It's application include the treatment of syphillis in patients who may be allergic to penicillin and the treating Legionnaire's disease. Clarithromycin,6-0-methylerythromycin, has a close structural and biological similarity to with erythromycin.It is effective against a broad spectrum of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. It is used to treat respiratory tract infections and soft tissue infections. It is used to treat duodenal ulcer associated with Helicobacter pylori infections in combination with omeprazole. One common feature of clarithromycin appears to be the stability against acids. It is absorbed and diffused easily into tissues and phagocytes without being protected from gastric acids. It is more effective against certain gram-negative bacteria, such as Legionella pneumophilae than  erythromycin. Clarithromycin is a white to off-white crystalline powder; insoluble in water; soluble in acetone, slightly soluble in alcohol and acetonitrile; administered orally.

Examples of macrolides are:

• Azithromycin (CAS RN: 83905-01-5)
• Brefeldin A (CAS RN: 20350-15-6)
• Clarithromycin (CAS RN: 81103-11-9)
• Erythromycin (CAS RN: 114-07-8)
• Erythromycin Estolate (CAS RN: 3521-62-8)
• Erythromycin Ethyl Succinate (CAS RN: 1264-62-6)
• Erythromycin Stearate (CAS RN: 643-22-1)
• Josamycin (CAS RN: 16846-24-5)
• Kitasamycin (CAS RN: 1392-21-8)
• Lincomycin Hydrochloride (CAS RN: 859-18-7)
• Mepartricin (CAS RN: 11121-32-7)
• Midecamycin (CAS RN: 35457-80-8)
• Oleandomycin Phosphate (CAS RN: 7060-74-4)
• Oleandomycin Triacetate (CAS RN: 2751-09-9)
• Rokitamycin (CAS RN: 74014-51-0)
• Roxithromycin (CAS RN: 80214-83-1)
• Spiramycin (CAS RN: 8025-81-8)
• Tylosin (CAS RN: 74610-55-2)
• Tylosin Tartrate (CAS RN: 74610-55-2)
• Virginiamycin M (CAS RN: 21411-53-0)

Wikipedia Linking: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarithromycin

http://www.biomed.cas.cz/
Clarithromycin Inhibits Myometrial Contractions in Isolated Human Myometrium Independent of Stimulus
Summary: Erythromycin has a well-known dual effect on the contractility of the gastrointestinal system and recently has also been shown to inhibit contractions of the rat myometrium. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of clarithromycin on oxytocin, prostaglandin F2ес (PGF2ес) and KCl-induced contractions of human myometrium in vitro. Myometrial strips were obtained from pregnant women undergoing elective Cesarean section and the strips were suspended in a jacketed organ bath filled with Krebs solution at 37 oC (pH 7.4) and continuously aired with 95 % oxygen and 5 % carbon dioxide. Isometric contractions were measured using a force displacement transducer. Oxytocin, PGF2ес, KCl and clarithromycin were applied to the tissue bath and the amplitude and frequency of contractions were evaluated at 20-min intervals. Freidmann analysis of variance, Kruskal Wallis and Wilcoxon Rank tests were used for statistical analysis of the data. Clarithromycin dose dependently inhibited the amplitude of contractions independent of the stimulus. Pre-treatment with apamin prevented clarithromycin-induced effects on amplitude and frequency of contractions. We conclude that the macrolide antibiotic clarithromycin may have a direct inhibitory effect on contractions of human myometrium. 

http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/
Clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic. It prevents bacterial growth by interfering with protein synthesis. Clarithromycin is an acid-stable version of erythromycin and is particularly effective against gram-negative bacteria.¹ It has a short half-life, however its metabolite, 14-hydroxy clarithromycin is nearly twice as active as clarithromycin against certain bacteria.

APPEARANCE

Complies

OPTICAL ROTATION

-89° ~ -95°

8.0 - 10.0

1.0% max

LOSS ON DRYING

3.0% max

20ppm max

PRICE INFORMATION