EPHEDRINE HYDROCHLORIDE

PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION
CAS NO.

50-98-6

EPHEDRINE HYDROCHLORIDE
EINECS NO. 200-074-6
FORMULA C6H5CH[CH(NHCH3)CH3]OH·HCl
MOL WT. 201.70

H.S. CODE

  

TOXICITY

  
SYNONYMS L-(-)-Ephedrine hydrochloride; Efedrina, clorhidrato;
(1R,2S)-(-)-Ephedrine hydrochloride; (-)-2-Methylamino-1-phenyl-propane-1-ol hydrochloride; alpha-[1-(methylamino)ethyl]benzyl alcohol hydrochloride; Eephedrine, chlorhydrate; [R-(R',S')] alpha-[1-(methylamino)ethyl] Benzenemethanol, hydrochloride; L-alpha-(1-Methylaminoethyl)benzyl alcohol hydrochloride; (1R,2S)-2-Methylamino-1-phenyl-1-propanol monohydrochloride;

PRICE

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CLASSIFICATION

 

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

PHYSICAL STATE White fine powder
MELTING POINT 217 - 220 C
BOILING POINT  
SPECIFIC GRAVITY  
SOLUBILITY IN WATER Soluble (soluble in alcohol)
pH 4.5 - 6
VAPOR DENSITY

 
AUTOIGNITION

 
NFPA RATINGS  

REFRACTIVE INDEX

  
FLASH POINT  
STABILITY

Stable under ordinary conditions.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION & APPLICATIONS
Ephedrine is a sympathomimetic alkaloid originally obtained from species of Ephedra or prepared synthetically. Its action is similar to that of epinephrine (a catecholamine hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla and a neurotransmitter). Its effects, although less powerful, are more prolonged, and it exerts action when administered orally, whereas epinephrine is effective only by injection. It is used as muscle relaxants, central nervous system and cardiac muscle stimulants in combination with others like theophylline. It is used to prevent hypotension during spinal and infiltration anesthesia; and as a mydriatic. There are enantiomers in ephedrine structure. (1R,2S)- and (1S,2R)-enantiomers are designated ephedrine (opposite stereoisomerisms around the chiral center), whereas (1R,2R)- and (1S,2S)-enantiomers are designated pseudoephedrine. Commercial ephedrine is (-)-(1R,2S)-ephedrine [also called (-)-Ephedrine or L-ephedrine], while commercial pseudoephedrine enantiomer is (1S,2S)-pseudoephedrine [(+)-pseudoephedrine or D-pseudoephedrine]. Pseudoephedrine has less pressor action and fewer central stimulant effects than ephedrine. Pseudoephedrine is used as a nasal decongestant and a bronchodilator to relaxe and open the air passages to the lung to increase the flow of air, and thus is used in the treatment and/or prevention of symptoms of bronchial asthma and of reversible bronchospasm associated with chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
SALES SPECIFICATION

APPEARANCE

 White crystalline fine powder

IDENTIFICATION

passes test A,B
ASSAY

98.5.% - 101.5%

RELATED SUBSTANCE

Complies

OPTICAL ROTATION

-33° ~ -35° (C=4 in water)

VOLATILES

Complies

SOLVENT RESIDUE

Complies

HEAVY METALS

20ppm max
LOSS ON DRYING
0.5% max
TRANSPORTATION
PACKING
 
HAZARD CLASS  
UN NO.  
OTHER INFORMATION
Hazard Symbols: XN, Risk Phrases: 22, Safety Phrases: 22-23

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF TYRAMINE & TRYPTAMINE

Tyramine [4-(2-Aminoethyl)phenol] is a monoamine compound of 4-hydroxy phenethylamine. It is derived from tyrosine, an amino acid (protein building block) that is the precursor of norepinephrine. It, through its effect on neurotransmitters, may affect several health conditions, including Parkinson's disease, depression, alcohol withdrawal support, and Phenylketonuria. (PKU). Tyramine is naturally found in plant and animal tissues, certain cheeses and ergot or produced synthetically. It is metabolized by monoamine oxidase. Tyramine or its derivatives can be used in pharmaceutical industry such as:

  • Sympathomimetic or adrenergic drugs themselves or intermediate of them.
  • Intermediate for bezafibrate used in the treatment of high cholesterol levels.
  • Determination of peroxide activity in the fluorescence enzyme immunoassay for insulin.
  • False transmitter.

Tryptamine [3-(2-Aminoethyl)indole] is a biologically important monoamine compound derived  by the decarboxylation of tryptophan, indole side chain amino acid. In addition to its function to build the structure of protein, tryptophan is a precursor for neurotransmitter and neurohormone. Tryptamine (biological monoamine) effects vasoconstriction by causing the release of norepinephrine at postganglionic nerve endings. Several mental disorders and health conditions are explained as due to either an excess or deficiency of monoamines. There are many natural tryptamines in both animal and plant as well as synthetics modified by chemical constituents and substituted at appropriate positions in the motif. Common tryptamine class compounds include;

  • Bufotenine (CAS #: 487-93-4): (5-Hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, pressor agent, epinephrine-like.
  • DMT (CAS #: 61-50-7): N,N-Dimethyltryptamine, a psychedelic and hallucinogenic.
  • Melatonin (CAS #: 73-31-4, 8041-44-9): N-Acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, biological clock hormone.
  • Psilocin: 4-Hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine.
  • Psilocybin (CAS #: 520-52-5): 4-Phosphoryloxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, a hallucinogenic.
  • Serotonin (CAS #: 50-67-9): 5-Hydroxytryptamine, a vasoconstrictor.
  • Sumatriptan( CAS #: 103628-46-2) 4-Hethylaminosulfonyl-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, selective serotonin antagonist used in the treatment of migraine headache.