TYRAMINE [2-(p-HYDROXYPHENYL)ETHYLAMINE]

Catecholamine: a group of naturally occurring sympathomimetic amines that have important physiological functions within the body as neurotransmitters in the central nervous system and hormones in the blood circulation. Catecholamines are biogenic amines considered as sympathomimetic drugs They are characterized by a catechol group [The ortho (1,2) isomer of dihydroxybenzene] to which is attached an amine group (the aromatic portion of whose molecule is catechol, and the aliphatic portion an amine). The most abundant catecholamines in the body are epinephrine (adrenaline), norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and dopamine. They are derived from the tyrosine, an amino acid (protein building block) that is the precursor of norepinephrine. (The prefix nor- describes normal structure which has no branched chain of carbon atoms. In case of norepinephrine, it has one less methylene group than its homologue, epinephrine.) Catecholamines belong to a broader class of compounds called phenethylamines which contain structurally amino acid, phenylalanine and tyrosine. Phenethylamine is a backbone for the compounds which take roles of alkaloids as well as hormones and neurotransmitters in nature. Amphetamine is the substituted phenethylamine by methyl group at alpha position. It is a synthetic drug used as a diet suppressant and to treat narcolepsy and ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder). But amphetamines can produce severe psychological dependence, including cardiac irregularities and gastric disturbances. Chronic use often results in extreme exhaustion and malnutrition. Substituted phenethylamines are:

TYRAMINE
PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION
CAS NO.	51-67-2 (Base), 60-19-5 (HCl)
EINECS NO.	200-115-8 (Base), 200-462-5 (HCl)
FORMULA	HOC₆H₄CH₂CH₂NH₂
MOL WT.	137.18
H.S. CODE
TOXICITY
SYNONYMS	2-(p-Hydroxyphenyl)ethylamine
p-hydroxyphenethylamine 4-Hydroxyphenethylammonium 4-(2-aminoetil)fenol 4-Hidroxifenetilamonio 4-(2-aminoé thyl)phé nol Tyrosamine 4-Hydroxyphé né thylammonium 4-Hydroxyphenethylamine 4-(2-Aminoethyl)phenol
SMILES
CLASSIFICATION
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
PHYSICAL STATE	yellow to brown crystals
MELTING POINT	161 - 163 C
BOILING POINT	175 - 181 C at 8 mmHg
SPECIFIC GRAVITY
SOLUBILITY IN WATER	Slightly soluble
pH
VAPOR DENSITY
AUTOIGNITION
NFPA RATINGS
REFRACTIVE INDEX
FLASH POINT
STABILITY	Stable under ordinary conditions
APPLICATIONS
Tyramine [4-(2-Aminoethyl)phenol] is a monoamine compound of 4-hydroxy phenethylamine. It is derived from tyrosine, an amino acid (protein building block) that is the precursor of norepinephrine. It, through its effect on neurotransmitters, may affect several health conditions, including Parkinson's disease, depression, alcohol withdrawal support, and Phenylketonuria. (PKU). Tyramine is naturally found in plant and animal tissues, certain cheeses and ergot or produced synthetically. It is metabolized by monoamine oxidase. Tyramine or its derivatives can be used in pharmaceutical industry such as: Sympathomimetic or adrenergic drugs themselves or intermediate of them. Intermediate for bezafibrate used in the treatment of high cholesterol levels. Determination of peroxide activity in the fluorescence enzyme immunoassay for insulin. False transmitter. Tryptamine [3-(2-Aminoethyl)indole] is a biologically important monoamine compound derived by the decarboxylation of tryptophan, indole side chain amino acid. In addition to its function to build the structure of protein, tryptophan is a precursor for neurotransmitter and neurohormone. Tryptamine (biological monoamine) effects vasoconstriction by causing the release of norepinephrine at postganglionic nerve endings. Several mental disorders and health conditions are explained as due to either an excess or deficiency of monoamines. There are many natural tryptamines in both animal and plant as well as synthetics modified by chemical constituents and substituted at appropriate positions in the motif. Common tryptamine class compounds include Bufotenine (CAS #: 487-93-4): (5-Hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, pressor agent, epinephrine-like. DMT (CAS #: 61-50-7): N,N-Dimethyltryptamine, a psychedelic and hallucinogenic. Luzindole (CAS #: 117946-91-5): N-Acetyl-2-benzyltryptamine Melatonin (CAS #: 73-31-4, 8041-44-9): N-Acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, biological clock hormone. Psilocin: 4-Hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine. Psilocybin (CAS #: 520-52-5): 4-Phosphoryloxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, a hallucinogenic. Serotonin (CAS #: 50-67-9): 5-Hydroxytryptamine, a vasoconstrictor. Sumatriptan( CAS #: 103628-46-2) 4-Hethylaminosulfonyl-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, selective serotonin antagonist used in the treatment of migraine headache.
SALES SPECIFICATION
APPEARANCE	yellow to brown crystals
ASSAY	97.0% min
TRANSPORTATION
PACKING	25kgs in fiber drum
HAZARD CLASS
UN NO.
OTHER INFORMATION
`Hazard Symbols: XI, Risk Phrases: 36/37/38, Safety Phrases: 26-37/49`
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF CATECHOLAMINE
Catecholamine: a group of naturally occurring sympathomimetic amines that have important physiological functions within the body as neurotransmitters in the central nervous system and hormones in the blood circulation. Catecholamines are biogenic amines considered as sympathomimetic drugs They are characterized by a catechol group [The ortho (1,2) isomer of dihydroxybenzene] to which is attached an amine group (the aromatic portion of whose molecule is catechol, and the aliphatic portion an amine). The most abundant catecholamines in the body are epinephrine (adrenaline), norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and dopamine. They are derived from the tyrosine, an amino acid (protein building block) that is the precursor of norepinephrine. (The prefix nor- describes normal structure which has no branched chain of carbon atoms. In case of norepinephrine, it has one less methylene group than its homologue, epinephrine.) Catecholamines belong to a broader class of compounds called phenethylamines which contain structurally amino acid, phenylalanine and tyrosine. Phenethylamine is a backbone for the compounds which take roles of alkaloids as well as hormones and neurotransmitters in nature. Amphetamine is the substituted phenethylamine by methyl group at alpha position. It is a synthetic drug used as a diet suppressant and to treat narcolepsy and ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder). But amphetamines can produce severe psychological dependence, including cardiac irregularities and gastric disturbances. Chronic use often results in extreme exhaustion and malnutrition. Substituted phenethylamines are: