ACETIC ACID

ACETIC ACID

PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION

CAS NO.

64-19-7, 77671-22-8

ACETIC ACID

EINECS NO. 200-580-7

FORMULA CH₃COOH

MOL WT.

60.05

H.S. CODE

2915.21.0000

UN NO.

2789, 2790

TOXICITY Oral rat LD50: 3310 mg/kg

SYNONYMS Ethylic acid; Methanecarboxylic acid; vinegar; Vinegar acid; Acetic acid, glacial;

Essigsäure; ácido acético; Acide acétique; Ethanoic acid; Acetasol; Octowy kwas; Kyselina octova; Essigsaeure; Octowy kwas; Vosol;

SMILES C(=O)(C)O

CLASSIFICATION

Solvent, Acetic acid

EXTRA NOTES

Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood.

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

PHYSICAL STATE clear liquid

MELTING POINT

16.6 C

BOILING POINT 117 - 118 C

SPECIFIC GRAVITY 1.05

SOLUBILITY IN WATER Soluble

pKa 4.76 (at 25 C)

log Pow -0.17 (Octanol-water)

VAPOR PRESSURE 15.7 (mmHg)

HENRY LAW CONSTANT 1.00E-07 (atm-m3/mole at 25 C)

OH RATE CONSTANT 7.40E-13 (cm3/molecule-sec at 25 C Atmospheric)

VAPOR DENSITY 2.10

AUTOIGNITION

NFPA RATINGS

Health: 3; Flammability: 2; Instability: 0

REFRACTIVE INDEX

FLASH POINT 39 C

STABILITY Stable under ordinary conditions. Air and light sensitive

EXTERNAL LINKS & GENERAL DESCRIPTION

Wikipedia Linking

Material Safety Data Sheet

Google Scholar Search

http://www.biology-online.org/
Acetic acid (Science: chemical) The acid most commonly associated with vinegar, it is the most commercially important organic acid and is used to manufacture a wide range of chemical products, such as plastics and acetobacter but, except for making vinegar, is usually made through synthetic processes. derivatives of acetic acid which may be formed by substitution reactions. Mono- and di-substituted, as well as, halogenated compounds have been synthesised. Experimentally, alpha- and n2- substituted acetic acids have been examined for their anti-inflammatory activity and effect on the central nervous system respectively. Additionally, limited exposure data has been collected on dibromo and dichloroacetic acids to determine whether they pose health effects. Synonym: ethanoic Acid. A colorless pungent liquid widely used in manufacturing plastics and pharmaceuticals.A transparent liquid that is part of vinegar, that gives it its characteristic smell.

http://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/
Acetic Acid: What is it? Acetic Acid is an organic acid formed when ethanol is fermented. Vinegar is typically a 5% solution of Acetic Acid. Brown Rice Vinegar is the vinegar produced by the fermentation of unpolished brown rice. Natural Vinegars also contain also contain small amounts of tartaric acid, citric acid and other acids.
In cosmetics and personal care products, Acetic Acid, Vinegar and Brown Rice Vinegar are used in the formulation of hair conditioners, shampoos, hair rinses, wave sets and other hair care products. Acetic Acid is also used in mouthwashes and breath fresheners and Vinegar can be found in skin care products.

Local: Acetic acid is the simplest carboxylic acid next to formic acid in which a single hydrogen atom is attached to the carboxyl group. If a methyl group is attached to the carboxyl group, the compound is acetic acid. Acetic acid is a clear, corrosive, flammable liquid; melting point 16.6 C, boiling point 118 C. Pure acetic acid freezes in ice-like crystal form. So pure acetic acid is called glacial acetic acid, which contains 99.5 -100.5 % w/w. It is the two-carbon carboxylic acid, and a systematic name is ethanoic acid. It is completely miscible with water, ethyl alcohol and ether, but is insoluble in carbon disulfide. It is a characteristic component of vinegar and an important biochemical intermediate in the form of acetylcoenzyme A, mostly. Most commercial production of virgin synthetic acetic acid is based on methanol carbonylation. Significant volumes of acetic acid are recovered in cellulose acetate operations and lesser quantities during production of polyvinyl alcohol and butyral, peracetic acid, ethylene-vinyl alcohol and acetaminophen and aspirin. Capacity utilization is likely to remain high for the next few years because of good demand for purified terephthalic acid and vinyl acetate monomer.

Vinyl acetate monomer

The largest consumption of acetic acid is as a raw material to produce vinyl acetate by reaction with ethylene and oxygen or with acetylene in the presence of palladium catalyst. Vinyl acetate is polymerized to polyvinyl acetate by itself and to other copolymers with other monomers. Acetate polymers are important resins used in paints, adhesives, plastics and textile finishes.

Acetic anhydride

The next largest consumption of acetic acid is to produce acetic anhydride by condensation reaction of two acetic acid molecules. This chemical is principally used in the manufacture of cellulose acetate having the application as a base for magnetic tape and in the manufacture of textile fibres. Also, it is heated with salicylic acid to produce acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin). It is also used in the manufacture of pigments, dyes, cellulose and pesticides etc.

Solvent

Acetic acid is used as a solvent in the production of terephthalic acid from p-xylene. Terephthalic acid is the raw material for polyester fiber. Terephthalic acid has become a more important raw material for non-fiber field, PET-bottle, PET-film and engineering plastics and as poultry feed additives.

Esters

Considerable quantities of acetic acid are used to manufacture esters such as ethyl and butyl acetate. Acetate esters demonstrate good solvency for many natural and synthetic resins. They are general purpose solvents which are applied commonly in lacquer thinners, wood lacquers and a wide variety of coatings, plasticizer and pharmaceutical fields.

Chloroacetic acid

The stronger acid (chloroacetic acid) is manufactured from acetic acid by reaction with chlorine. Chloroacetic acid reacts with alkali cellulose to produce carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). Chloroacetic acid is the parent material for the production of a series of phenoxy herbicides such as 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid.

Acetic acid is used as an acidulant in a wide range of applications from eletroplating to textiles finishing operation. It is used in the manufacture of materials used in the pharmaceuticals, foods, cosmetics and colorant chemical fields including sorbic acid, dyestuffs and pigments, vitamins, antibiotics, rubber chemicals and flavor & fragrance.

SALES SPECIFICATION

GLACIAL

APPEARANCE

Clear liquid, free from matter in suspension

PURITY

99.85% min

COLOR, HAZEN

5 max

CRYSTALLISING POINT

16.35 C min.

DENSITY

1.048 - 1.051 kg/l at 20 C

NON-VOLATILE MATTER

0.003% max

CHLORIDES

1ppm max

SULFATES

1ppm max

0.5ppm max

HEAVY METALS

5ppm max

ALDEHYDES

5ppm max

FORMIC ACID

0.05% max

DISTILLATION RANGE

117.5 - 118.5 C

MOISTURE

0.15% max

TRANSPORTATION

PACKING

HAZARD CLASS 8 (Packing Group: II)

UN NO.

2789

OTHER INFORMATION

Hazard Symbols: C, Risk Phrases: 10-35, Safety Phrases: 23-26-45

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLVENTS

Polarity	Group	Formula
Polar	Water	H-OH
↑	Carboxylic Acids	R-COOH
↑	Amides	R-CONH₂
↑	Alcohols	R-OH
↑	Amines	R-NH₂
↑	Ketones (Aldehydes)	R-CO-R'
↑	Esters	R-COOR'
↑	Alkyl Halides	R-X
↑	Ethers	R-O-R'
↑	Aromatics	Ar-H
Non-polar	Alkanes	R-H

Solvent	CAS RN	Formula	M.W.	Boiling Point (°C)	Melting Point (°C)	Density	Solubility in water (g/100g)	Dielectric Constant	Flash Point (°C)
Acetic Acid	64-19-7	C₂H₄O₂	60.05	118	16.6	1.049	Miscible	6.15	39
Acetic Anhydride	108-24-7	C₄H₆O₃	102.09	138-140	-73.1	1.08	12	-	54
Acetone	67-64-1	C₃H₆O	58.08	56.2	-94.3	0.786	Miscible	20.7(25)	-18
Acetonitrile	75-05-8	C₂H₃N	41.05	81.6	-46	0.786	Miscible	37.5	6
Ammonia solution	7664-41-7	H₃N	17.03	-	-	-	-	22.4	-
Benzene	71-43-2	C₆H₆	78.11	80.1	5.5	0.879	0.18	2.28	-11
Benzonitrile	100-47-0	C₇H₅N	103.12	191	-13	1.01	Insoluble	-	71
1-Butanol	71-36-3	C₄H₁₀O	74.12	117.6	-89.5	0.81	6.3	17.8	35
2-Butanol	78-92-2	C₄H₁₀O	74.12	98	-115	0.808	15	15.8(25)	26
Butyl Acetate	123-86-4	C₆H₁₂O₂	116.16	124-126	-106	0.882	0.68	-	22
tert-Butyl Alcohol	75-65-0	C₄H₁₀O	74.12	82.2	25.5	0.786	Miscible	12.5	11
tert-Butyl Methyl Ether	1634-04-4	C₅H₁₂O	88.15	55.2	-109	0.741	5.1	-	-28
Carbon Disulfide	75-15-0	CS₂	76.13	46	-110	1.2632	0.1185	-	-30
Carbon Tetrachloride	56-23-5	CCl₄	153.82	76.7	-22.4	1.594	0.08	2.24	-
Chlorobenzene	108-90-7	C₆H₅Cl	112.56	131.7	-45.6	1.1066	0.05	2.71	29
1-Chlorobutane	109-69-3	C₄H₉Cl	92.57	77-78	-123.1	0.886	0.07	-	-6
Chloroform	67-66-3	CHCl₃	119.38	61.7	-63.7	1.498	0.795	4.81	-
Cyclohexane	110-82-7	C₆H₁₂	84.16	80.7	6.6	0.779	<0.1	2.02	-20
Deuterium oxide	7789-20-0	D₂O	20.03	101.3	4	1.107	Miscible	-	-
1,2-Dichlorobenzene	95-50-1	C₆H₄Cl₂	147.00	180	-15	1.306	Insoluble	9.93(25)	67
1,2-Dichloroethane	107-06-2	C₂H₄Cl₂	98.96	83.5	-35.3	1.245	0.861	10.42	13
Diethyl Amine	109-89-7	C₄H₁₁N	73.14	55.5	-50	0.7074	Miscible	3.6	-39
Diethyl Ether	60-29-7	C₄H₁₀O	74.12	34.6	-116.3	0.713	7.5	4.34	-45
Diethyl Ketone	96-22-0	C₅H₁₀O	86.13	102	-39	0.814	4.70	-	13
Diethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether	111-96-6	C₆H₁₄O₃	134.17	162	-68	0.943	Miscible	7.23	67
Diethylene Glycol	111-46-6	C₄H₁₀O₃	106.12	245	-10	1.118	10	31.7	143
Dimethyl Sulfoxide	67-68-5	C₂H₆OS	78.13	189	18.4	1.092	25.3	47	95
N,N-Dimethylacetamide	127-19-5	C₄H₉NO	87.12	166	-20	0.937	Miscible	37.80	66
Dimethylether	115-10-6	C₂H₆O	46.07	-22	-138.5	-	-	-	-41
N,N-Dimethylformamide	68-12-2	C₃H₇NO	73.09	153	-61	0.944	Miscible	36.7	58
1,4-Dioxane	123-91-1	C₄H₈O₂	88.11	101.1	11.8	1.033	Miscible	2.21(25)	12
Ethanol	64-17-5	C₂H₆O	46.07	78.5	-114.1	0.789	Miscible	24.6	13
2-Ethoxyethyl Ether	112-36-7	C₈H₁₈O₃	162.23	180-190	-44	0.909	≥10	-	82
Ethyl Acetate	141-78-6	C₄H₈O₂	88.11	77	-83.6	0.895	8.7	6(25)	-4
Ethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether	110-71-4	C₄H₁₀O₂	90.12	85	-58	0.868	Miscible	7.2	-6
Ethylene Glycol	107-21-1	C₂H₆O₂	62.07	195	-13	1.115	Miscible	37.7	111
Formic Acid	64-18-6	CH₂O₂	46.03	100	8.3	1.21	Miscible	58.5
Glycerin	56-81-5	C₃H₈O₃	92.09	290	17.8	1.261	Miscible	42.5	160
heptane	142-82-5	C₇H₁₆	100.20	98	-90.6	0.684	0.01	1.92	-4
Hexamethylphosphor amide	680-31-9	C₆H₁₈N₃OP	179.20	232.5	7.2	1.03	Miscible	31.3	105
Hexamethylphosphorous triamide	1608-26-0	C₆H₁₈N₃P	163.20	150	-44	0.898	Miscible	-	26
Hexane	110-54-3	C₆H₁₄	86.18	69	-95	0.659	0.014	1.89	-22
Isoamyl alcohol	123-51-3	C₅H₁₂O	88.15	130	-117	0.809	54	-	43
Isobutyl alcohol	78-83-1	78-83-1	74.12	108	-108	0.802	9.5	15.8(25)	28
Isopropanol	67-63-0	C₃H₈O	88.15	82.4	-88.5	0.785	Miscible	18.3(25)	12
Methanol	67-56-1	CH₄O	32.04	64.6	-98	0.791	Miscible	32.6(25)	12
2-Methoxyethanol	109-86-4	C₃H₈O₂	76.10	124-125	-85.1	0.965	Miscible	16.90	38
2-Methoxyethyl Acetate	110-49-6	C₅H₁₀O₃	118.13	145	-65	1.009	Miscible	-	44
Methyl Ethyl Ketone	78-93-3	C₄H₈O	72.11	79.6	-86.3	0.805	25.6	18.5	-7
Methyl Isobutyl Ketone	108-10-1	C₆H₁₂O	100.16	117-118	-80	0.7978	1.9	-	14
1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinone	872-50-4	CH₅H₉NO	99.13	202	-24	1.033	10	32	91
Methylene Chloride	75-09-2	CH₂Cl₂	84.93	39.8	-96.7	1.326	1.32	9.08	1.6
Nitromethane	75-52-5	CH₃NO₂	61.04	101.2	-29	1.382	9.50	35.9	35
1-Octanol	111-87-5	C₈H₁₈O	130.23	196	-15	0.826	Insoluble	-	81
Pentane	109-66-0	C₅H₁₂	72.15	36.1	-129.7	0.626	0.04	1.84	-49
Petroleum ether	8032-32-4	-	-	30-60	-40	0.656	-	-	-30
Propanoic acid	79-09-4	C₃H₆O₂	74.08	141	-21.5	0.993	37	3.4	51
1-Propanol	71-23-8	C₃H₈O	88.15	97	-126	0.803	Miscible	20.1(25)	15
Propylene carbonate	108-32-7	C₄H₆O₃	102.09	240	-55	1.21	Moderately Soluble	-	132
Pyridine	110-86-1	C₅H₅N	79.10	115.2	-41.6	0.982	Miscible	12.3(25)	17
Tetrachloroethylene	127-18-4	C₂Cl₄	165.83	121	-22	1.623	0.015	-	-
Tetrahydrofuran	109-99-9	C₄H₈O	72.11	66	-108.4	0.886	30	7.6	-21
Toluene	108-88-3	C₇H₈	92.14	110.6	-93	0.867	0.05	2.38(25)	4
1,1,2-Trichlorotrifluoroethane	76-13-1	C₂Cl₃F₃	187.38	47-48	-36	1.575	0.02	-	-
Triethyl amine	121-44-8	C₆H₁₅N	101.19	88.9	-114.7	0.728	0.02	2.4	-11
2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol	75-89-8	C₂H₃F₃O	100.04	74.1	-45	1.393	-	26.5	29
Water	7732-18-5	H₂O	18.02	100.00	0.00	0.998	-	78.54	-
m-Xylene	108-38-3	C₈H₁₀	106.17	139.1	-47.8	0.868	Insoluble	2.37	27
o-Xylene	95-47-6	C₈H₁₀	106.17	144	-25.2	0.897	Insoluble	2.57	32
p-Xylene	106-42-3	C₈H₁₀	106.17	138.4	13.3	0.861	Insoluble	2.27	27