ACETYL BROMIDE

PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION
CAS NO. 506-96-7

ACETYL BROMIDE

EINECS NO. 208-061-7
FORMULA CH3COBr
MOL WT. 122.95
H.S. CODE 2915.90
TOXICITY Oral rat LD50: 730 mg/kg
SYNONYMS Ethanoyl bromide; Acetic Acid, Bromide; 乙酰溴; 溴乙酰;
SMILES 
 

CLASSIFICATION

ACYL HALIDES /

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
PHYSICAL STATE clear to yellow fuming liquid
MELTING POINT

-96 C

BOILING POINT 75 - 80 C
SPECIFIC GRAVITY 1.66 - 1.67
SOLUBILITY IN WATER Decomposes

pH

6 - 8

AUTOIGNITION  
VAPOR DENSITY  
NFPA RATINGS Health: 3; Flammability: ; Reactivity: 2
FLASH POINT

75 C

STABILITY Stable under ordinary conditions. Moisture, air sensitive

APPLICATIONS
Acetyl Bromide is used as an acetylating agent in the synthesis of fine chemicals, agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals. It is also used as an intermediate for dyes. Acetylation ,a case of acylation, is an organic synthesis process whereby the acetyl group is incorporated into a molecule by substitution for protecting -OH groups. 
SALES SPECIFICATION

APPEARANCE

 clear to yellow liquid
ASSAY 98.0% min

MOISTURE

0.1% max

TRANSPORTATION
PACKING  
HAZARD CLASS 8 (Packing Group: II)
UN NO. 1716
OTHER INFORMATION
Hazard Symbols: T C, Risk Phrases: 14/25/34, Safety Phrases: 9/23/25/26/36/37/39/45

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF ACYL HALIDES
Acyl is a radical formed from an organic acid by removal of a hydroxyl group. The general formula of acyl compound is RCO-. Acyl halide is one of a large group of organic substances containing the halocarbonyl group, have the general formula RCO·X, where X is a halogen atom (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine) and R may be aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic, and H etc. In substitutive chemical nomenclature, their names are formed by adding '-oyl' as a suffix to the name of the parent compound; ethanoyl chloride, CH3COCl, is an example. The terms acyl and aroyl halides refer to aliphatic or aromatic derivatives, respectively. Acyl halides are made by replacing the -OH group in carboxylic acids by halogen using halogenating agents. They react readily with water, alcohols, and amines and are widely used in organic synthetic process whereby the acyl group is incorporated into the target molecules by substitution of addition-elimination sequence called acylation reaction.  Acylation reaction involves substitution by an electron donor (nucleophile) at the electrophilic carbonyl group (C=O). Common nucleophiles in the acylation reaction are aliphatic and aromatic alcohols, both of which give rise to esters and amines (RNH2) which give amides. The carboxylic acid (X = OH) itself can function as an acylating agent when it is protonated by a strong acid catalyst as in the direct esterification of an alcohol. Two common acylation agents, with the general formula RCOX, are acid halides (X = halogen atom) and anhydrides (X = OCOR). Schotten-Baumann reaction is an acylation reaction that uses an acid chloride in the presence of dilute alkali to acylate the hydroxyl and amino group of organic compounds. There are also other acylating agents. Benzoyl Chloride belongs to acyl halides. Acyl halides are involved in acetylation process which introduce an acetyl group (CH3CO-) into compounds. Benzoyl Chloride decomposes violently by heating or on exposure to moist air or water. It reacts violently with strong oxidants, metals (especially iron), alkali and earth alkali metals, bases and wide range of organic substances such as amines, dimethyl sulfoxide and alcohols. The reactions cause fire and explosion hazard. It is used to introduce benzenecarbonyl groups into compounds. Typical reactions undergone by benzoyl chloride are the Schotten-Baumman reaction (the benzoylation of compounds containing a hydrogen), and the Friedel-Crafts reactions (preparation of substituted benzophenones). It is used in manufacturing peroxides such as a benzoyl peroxide and t-butyl perbenzoate. It is also used in the synthesis of benzophenone and its derivatives used in manufacturing pesticides, pharmaceuticals, perfume fixative, polymerization catalyst, benzolating agents, and dyestuffs.