PHENYL CYANIDE

PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION
CAS NO, 100-47-0

PHENYL CYANIDE

EINECS NO. 202-855-7
FORMULA C6H5CN
MOL WT. 103.12
H.S. CODE 2926.90
TOXICITY  
SYNONYMS Benzonitrile; Benzoic acid nitrile; Cyanobenzene;
Benzonitril (German); Benzonitrilo (Spanish); Fenylkyanid;
SMILES  

CLASSIFICATION

 

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
PHYSICAL STATE Clear liquid with an almond like odor
MELTING POINT -13 C
BOILING POINT 188 - 191 C
SPECIFIC GRAVITY 1.01
SOLUBILITY IN WATER Slightly soluble
AUTOIGNITION 550 C
pH  
VAPOR DENSITY 3.6
NFPA RATINGS Health: 3 Flammability: 2 Reactivity: 0

REFRACTIVE INDEX

 1.5280
FLASH POINT

72 C

STABILITY Stable under ordinary conditions

GENERAL DESCRIPTION & EXTERNAL LINKS
Nitrile is an organic compounds containing cyano group (-C≡N, containing trivalent nitrogen) which is attached to one carbon atom with the general formula RC≡N. Their names are corresponding to carboxylic acids by changing '-ic acid' to '-onitrile', or '-nitrile', whichever preserves a single letter O. Examples are acetonitrile from acetic acid and benzonitrile from benzoic acid. The prefix cyano is used as an alternative naming system to indicate the presence of a nitrile group in a molecule. Sodium cyanide, NaCN; potassium cyanide, KCN; calcium cyanide, Ca(CN)2; and hydrocyanic (or prussic) acid, HCN are examples. Chemically, the simple inorganic cyanides resemble chlorides in many ways. Organic nitriles are used as;

  · Extraction solvent for fatty acids, oils and unsaturated hydrocarbons
  · Solvent for spinning and casting and extractive distillation based on its     selective miscibility with organic compounds.
  · Removing agent of colouring matters and aromatic alcohols
  · Non-aqueous solvent for titrations and for inorganic salts
  · Recrystallization of steroids
  · Parent compound for organic synthesis including ketones and amines
  · Solvent or chemical intermediate in biochemistry ( pesticide sequencing and     DNA synthesis)
  · High-pressure liquid chromatographic analysis
  · Catalyst and component of transition-metal complex catalysts
  · Stabilizer for chlorinated solvents
  · Chemical intermediate and solvent for perfumes and pharmaceuticals

Although nitriles don't have a carbonyl group, they are often considered as derivatives of carboxylic acids. Nitrile undergoes acid hydrolysis to form a carboxylic acid. Nitrile is reduced to form amine in the presence of nickel catalyst. Grignard reagents add to nitriles, forming a relatively stable imino derivative which can be hydrolyzed to a ketone. Metaloimine is hydrolyzed to give beta-ketoester. Nitrile undergoes a sequence of nucleophilic additions with an alcohol under acid catalysis, called nitrile alcoholysis. Nitriles are hydrolyzed to carboxylic acids, alcoholyzed to esters, reduced to amines, cyclyzed to pyridine derivatives.

Benzonitrile, derived mainly from benzoic acid reaction with lead thiocyanate by heating, is a clear liquid; boils at 191 C. It reacts violently with strong acids to produce toxic hydrogen cyanide. It decomposes on heating producing very toxic fumes, hydrogen cyanide, nitrous oxides.  Benzonitrile is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, dyestuffs and rubber chemicals through the reactions of alkylation, condensation, esterification, hydrolysis, halogenation or nitration. Benzonitrile and its derivatives are used in the manufacture of lacquers, polymers and anhydrous metallic salts as well as intermediates for pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and other organic chemicals.

http://www.chem.mq.edu.au
Benzonitriles are of considerable interest for organic chemistry as integral part of dyes, herbicides, agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and natural products. The nitrile group also serves as an important intermediate for a multitude of possible transformations into other functional groups. As an example the synthesis of Fluvoxamine. Here, 4-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile, which is available from 4-chlorobenzotrifluoride by nickel-catalyzed cyanation on ton-scale, serves as an intermediate. Benzonitriles themselves are also of significant interest, e.g., as substructures in biologically active agents. Two selected examples of pharmaceuticals containing an aromatic nitrile as part of the molecule are shown along with their names, producers, and effects. In case of biologically active benzonitrile derivatives another aspect is worth noting. By applying transition metal-catalyzed cyanation of aryl halides using K11CN, K13CN or K14CN isotope labelled compounds are easily accessible [5–9]. The resulting products are used in pharmacokinetic studies and investigations on the metabolism of pharmaceuticals.....
SALES SPECIFICATION

APPEARANCE

 Clear liquid
PURITY

99.5% min

COLOR, APHA

30 max

MOISTURE 0.5% max
TRANSPORTATION
PACKING 200kgs in drum
HAZARD CLASS 6.1 (Packing Group: II)
UN NO.

2224

OTHER INFORMATION
Hazard Symbols: XN, Risk Phrases: 21/22, Safety Phrases: 23