p-NITROCHLOROBENZENE

PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION
CAS NO. 100-00-5

p-NITROCHLOROBENZENE

EINECS NO. 202-809-6
FORMULA ClC6H4NO2
MOL WT. 157.56
H.S. CODE
2904.90
TOXICITY Oral rat LD50: 420mg/kg
SYNONYMS 4-Chloronitrobenzene; 1,4-Chloronitrobenzene;
PNCB; nitrochlorobenzene; 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene; 1,4-Chloronitrobenzene; 4-Nitrochlorobenzene; 4-chloro-1-nitrobenzene; 1-Chloor-4-nitrobenzeen (Dutch); 1-Chlor-4-nitrobenzol (German); 1-Cloro-4-nitrobenzene (Italian); p-Nitrochloorbenzeen (Dutch); p-Nitrochlorobenzol (German); p-Nitroclorobenzene (Italian); p-Nitrophenyl Chloride;
SMILES 
 

CLASSIFICATION

 

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
PHYSICAL STATE pale yellow crystalline powder
MELTING POINT 83 - 84 C
BOILING POINT 242 C
SPECIFIC GRAVITY 1.298
SOLUBILITY IN WATER Insoluble
AUTOIGNITION 510 C
pH  
VAPOR DENSITY 5.44
NFPA RATINGS Health:3 ; Flammability: 1 ; Reactivity: 2

REFRACTIVE INDEX

 

FLASH POINT

127 C

STABILITY Stable under ordinary conditions

APPLICATIONS

NITROBENZENE (also called NITROBENZOL ) is a colourless to pale yellow, oily, highly toxic liquid with the odour of bitter almonds. Nitrobenzene is manufactured commercially by nitration of benzene (also a common air pollutant) using a mixture of nitric and sulfuric acids. Commercially nitrobenzene can be either produced in a batch or by a continuous process. Both batch and continuous processes employing mixed nitric and sulfuric acids are used to make nitrobenzene. The continuous process is favored over the batch process because its production capacity is much larger, it has lower capital costs and it entails more efficient labor usage. Reactors for the continuous process also usually utilized lower nitric acid concentrations, are smaller with more rapid and efficient mixing, and therefore have higher reaction rates. Nitrobenzene undergoes nitration, halogenation, and sulfonation much more slowly than does benzene. It may be reduced to a variety of compounds, depending on the reaction conditions. Most nitrobenzene produced is reduced to aniline; smaller amounts are converted to azobenzene, hydrazobenzene (the intermediate for benzidine), and phenylhydroxylamine. Reduction of both the nitro group and the benzene ring affords cyclohexylamine. Nitrobenzene is used as a mild oxidizing agent in the syntheses of quinoline and fuchsin. There are 16 compounds of chloronitrobenzenes (e.g: three mono- isomeric substances, six di-, four tri-, and two tetra-, as well as penta- chloronitrobenzene). They are produced for industrial uses which are the manufacture of other compounds such as dyes, drugs, pesticides, shoe polish, spray paint, and synthetic rubber.

  • o-Chloronitrobenzene (CAS RN: 88-73-3)
  • m-Chloronitrobenzene (CAS RN: 121-73-3)
  • p-Chloronitrobenzene (CAS RN: 100-00-5)
  • 2,3-Dichloronitrobenzene; (CAS RN: 3209-22-1)
  • 2,4-Dichloronitrobenzene (CAS RN: 611-06-3)
  • 2,5-Dichloronitrobenzene (CAS RN: 89-61-2)
  • 2,6-Dichloronitrobenzene (CAS RN: 601-88-7)
  • 3,4-Dichloronitrobenzene (CAS RN: 99-54-7)
  • 3,5-Dichloronitrobenzene ( CAS RN: 618-62-2)
  • 2,3,4-Trichloronitrobenzene (CAS RN: 17700-09-3)
  • 2,4,5-Trichloronitrobenzene (CAS RN: 89-69-0)
  • 2,4,6-Trichloronitrobenzene (CAS RN: 18708-70-8)
  • 3,4,5-Trichloronitrobenzene (CAS RN: 20098-48-0)
  • 2,3,4,5-Tetrachloronitrobenzene (CAS RN: 879-39-0)
  • 2,3,5,6-Tetrachloronitrobenzene (CAS RN: 117-18-0)
  • Pentachloronitrobenzene (CAS RN: 82-68-8)
The prefix nitro- indicates the presence of NO2- radical, while nitrate refers to any salt or ester of nitric acid or the NO3- anion. Nitroso- is the prefix indicating presence of the group -NO and azo- is for -N=N- group. Some range of  organic compounds containing nitrogen include nitro compounds (RNO2 ), nitroso compounds (RNO), amines (R3N ), amino acids, and natural alkaloids or nucleotides. The nitrogen ion in nitro compounds is trigonally planar with 120° angles. There are two resonance bonds so that the two oxygens are equivalent. Nitro compounds are strongly basic due to electron withdrawing both inductively and mesomerically. Historically, they are abundant in dyes and explosives. Nitro compounds, organic hydrocarbons having one or more NO2 groups bonded via nitrogen to the carbon framework, are versatile intermediate in organic synthesis.
  • Michael addition
  • Reduction
  • Henry Reaction (Nitro-aldol reaction)
  • Nef reaction
  • O-Alkylation
  • Cycloaddition
  • Substitution, Elimination, Conversion reaction
  • Alkylation, Acylation, and Halogenation

Nitro compounds are readily reduced into amines when reacted with hydrochloric acid. Aromatic nitro compounds also yield anilines, aromatic amine compounds. Nitro compounds are cleaved into two parts by the addition of a molecule of water to produce carbonyl compounds (aldehydes or ketones). Aromatic nitro compounds undergo nucleophilic substitutions to be replaced by the hydroxide anion, resulting in the creation of phenol compounds and by alkoxy nucleophiles to corresponding ethers.

p-Nitrochlorobenzene is used as an intermediate for organic synthesis; p-nitrophenol, azo dyes and sulfate dyes, pharmaceuticals(such as phenacetin and acetaminophen ) and pesticides (such as nitrofen, parathion) and rubber chemicals
SALES SPECIFICATION

APPEARANCE

 pale yellow powder

CONTENT

98.0% min

ISOMER IMPURITY

2.0% max

MOISTURE

0.2% max

TRANSPORTATION
PACKING 250kgs in drum
HAZARD CLASS 6.1 (Packing Group: II)
UN NO.

1578

OTHER INFORMATION
Symbols: T, Risk Phrases: 25/33/43, Safety Phrases:28A/37/45