Clofarabine (Clolar, Genzyme) has been studied in the treatment of various types of leukemia and is FDA approved for the treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. It is structurally related to fludarabine and cladribine, sharing some characteristics and avoiding others. Clofarabine exerts its antineoplastic activity through several mechanisms. The active metabolite of clofarabine is its triphosphate form. This molecule competes with deoxyadenosine triphosphate for the ribonucleotide reductase and DNA polymerase, which leads to decreased DNA synthesis and repair, inhibits DNA strand elongation and cell replication. In addition, pretreatment with clofarabine before cytarabine administration leads to increases in intracellular concentrations of cytarabine triphosphate, the active form of cytarabine. (http://www.hemonctoday.com/)
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CLOFARABINE |
| 2-Chloro-9-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-9H-purin-6-amine; C1-F-Ara-A; Clofarex; Clolar; Evoltra; 2-Chloro-9-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)adenine; (2R,3R,4S,5R)-5-(6-Amino-2-chloropurin- 9-yl)-4-fluoro- 2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-ol, 2-chloro-2'-arabino-fluoro-2'-deoxyadenosine; |
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| PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION |
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CAS RN |
123318-82-1 |
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EINECS RN |
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FORMULA |
C10H11ClFN5O3 |
|
MOLE WEIGHT |
303.68 |
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CHEMICAL FAMILY |
Purine nucleoside |
| RELATED CATEGORIES | Antineoplastic agent |
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| PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES |
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PHYSICAL STATE |
white crystalline powder |
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MELTING POINT |
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BOILING POINT |
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DENSITY |
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SOLUBILITY IN WATER |
12 mg/ml, (DMSO: 10mg/ml) |
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pH |
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VAPOR DENSITY |
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REFRACTIVE INDEX |
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FLASH POINT |
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| STABILITY AND REACTIVITY | |
| STABILITY | Stable under normal conditions |
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INCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS |
Strong oxidizing agents |
| DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS |
NOx, SOx, Hydrogen chloride gas, Hydrogen fluoride |
| POLYMERIZATION |
Will not occur. |
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NFPA RATINGS |
Health: 2. Flammability: 1, Reactivity: 0 |
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| SAFETY |
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HAZARD NOTES |
May cause irritation. Remove to fresh air. |
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EYE |
May cause eye irritation. Face shield and safety glasses. Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician. |
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SKIN |
May be harmful if absorbed through skin. May cause skin irritation. Choose body protection according to the amount and concentration of the dangerous substance at the work place. Wash off with soap and plenty of water. Consult a physician. |
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INGESTION |
Toxic if swallowed. |
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INHALATION |
May be harmful if inhaled. May cause respiratory tract irritation. If breathed in, move person into fresh air. If not breathing give artificial respiration Consult a physician. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Rinse mouth with water. Consult a physician. |
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CHRONIC |
Central nervous system depression, Gastrointestinal disturbance, narcosis, Damage to the eyes., Liver injury may occur., Damage to the heart., Kidney injury may occur., May cause convulsions. |
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| TRANSPORT & REGULATORY INFORMATION |
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UN NO. |
2811 |
| HAZARD CLASS |
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| PACKING GROUP |
III |
| HAZARD SYMBOL |
T |
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RISK PHRASES |
25 |
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SAFETY PHRASES |
45 |
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| EXTERNAL LINKS & GENERAL DESCRIPTION |
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Wikipedia Linking: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clofarabine
Clofarabine [Clofarex] is a purine nucleoside in development with Bio-envision,
the Southern Research Institute and ILEX Oncology as an anticancer agent.
Clofarabine's nucleoside structure is such that both the purine and ribose rings
are halogenated, which allows it to inhibit DNA synthesis at two critical
junctures: DNA polymerase I and RNA reductase. An intravenous infusion and an
oral formulation are undergoing clinical development. Clofarabine was originated
by the Southern Research Institute. In August 1998 Bioenvision signed a
co-development agreement with the Southern Research Institute, under which it
obtained the right to manufacture, market and distribute clofarabine worldwide,
except Japan and Southeast Asia. In addition, the company appears to have
licensed rights from the Institute that cover the development and marketing of
other purine nucleoside analogues that have relevance in the treatment of
leukaemia and lymphoma.
(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) Clofarabine is FDA-approved for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in pediatric patients (ages 1 to 21 years), that has recurred or stopped responding to at least two prior therapies. It is important for patients to remember that physicians have the ability to prescribe medication for conditions other than those for which the drug has been approved by the FDA. Patients who have received a prescription of this drug for a condition other than which it is approved may wish to discuss this issue with their physician. Clofarabine belongs to a group of drugs called antimetabolites. Clofarabine produces its anti-cancer effects by inhibiting the ability of a cell to produce DNA or repair DNA. By inhibiting the production and repair of DNA, clofarabine suppresses the ability of a cell to replicate or repair itself, ultimately causing cellular death. (http://www.ufscc.ufl.edu/) Examples used for the treatment leukemia:
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| SALES SPECIFICATION |
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APPEARANCE |
white to almost white crystalline powder |
| IDENTIFICATION |
Pass tests (Optical Rotation, HPLC, TLC, Phosphotungstic acip darf) |
|
CONTENT |
98.0% min |
|
pH |
6.0 - 8.0 |
| OPTICAL ROTATION | +46° ~ +50° |
| RELATED SUBSTANCES |
1.5% max |
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HEAVY METALS |
10ppm max |
| LOSS ON DRYING | 1.0% max |
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| PRICE INFORMATION |