GONADORELIN

Synonyms. Gonadorelin acetate; Dirigestran; Fertagyl; Follicle-stimulating hormone-releasing factor; Gonadorelina; Gonadorelinum; Gonadotropin releasing hormone; Gonadotropin, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone; Gonadotropin-releasing factor; Gonadotropin-releasing hormone; Hypocrine; LH-Releasing factor; LH-Releasing hormone; Luforan; Lutal; Lutamin; Luteinizing hormone-releasing factor; Lutrefact; Mammalian GnRH; Mammalian LH-RH; Mammalian gonadotropin-releasing hormone; Relefact; Relisorm L; p-Glu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2; [D-Ser4]-Gonadorelin; 5-Oxo-L-prolyl-L-histidyl-L-tryptophyl-L-seryl-L-tyrosylglycyl-L-leucyl-L- arginyl-L- prolyl-glycinamide; Other CAS RNs: 9042-18-6; 9061-55-6; 9066-58-4; 38569-05-0; 71339-77-0

GONADORELIN

 

PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION

CAS RN

33515-09-2 (parent), 51952-41-1 (HCl); 52699-48-6 (acetate), 71447-49-9 (dicetate)

EINECS RN

251-553-1

FORMULA

C55H75N17O13

MOLE WEIGHT

1182.29

H.S CODE

 2933.99.9700

SMILES

 N1(C([C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC(=O)[C@@H]( CC(C)C)NC(=O)CNC( =O)[C@ @H](Cc2ccc(cc2)O)NC(=O)[C@@H] (CO)N C(= O)[C@@H](Cc2c [nH]c3c2cccc3)NC(=O) [C@@H](Cc2nc [nH]c2)NC (=O) [C@@H]2CCC(=O )N2)=O)[C@@H](CCC1)C(NCC(N)=O)=O

CLASSIFICATION

Polypeptide, Antidiuretic hormone

EXTRA NOTES

 A decapeptide that stimulates the synthesis and secretion of both pituitary gonadotropins, Luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone. GnRH is produced by neurons in the septum preoptic area of the hypothalamus and released into the pituitary portal blood, leading to stimulation of gonadotrophs in the anterior pituitary gland.

 

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

PHYSICAL STATE.

white powder

MELTING POINT

 

BOILING POINT

 

DENSITY

 

SOLUBILITY IN WATER

Soluble (soluble in 1% acetic acid)

SOLVENT SOLUBILITY  

VAPOR DENSITY

 

log P(octanol-water)

  

VAPOR PRESSURE

  

AUTOIGNITION TEMP

  
pH

 

REFRACTIVE INDEX

 

FLASH POINT

 

 
STABILITY AND REACTIVITY
STABILITY Stable under normal conditions.

INCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS

Strong acids, Strong bases

POLYMERIZATION

Has not been reported

NFPA RATINGS

Health: 2,Flammability:0, Reactivity: 0

 

EXTERNAL LINKS & GENERAL DESCRIPTION

Wikipedia Linking: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonadotropin-releasing_hormone

Sexual hormones are secreted by the gonades, testes and ovaries. They are steroids. Their secretion is controlled by the hypothalamic-pituitary complex which releases stimulins which are polypeptides. The hypothalamus releases several hormones, one of which is gonadorelin or GnRH (gonadotropin releasing hormone), also called LHRH (luteinizing hormone releasing hormone). GnRH is a decapeptide which controls pituitary secretion of LH (luteinizing hormone) and FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone). It i s secreted physiologically in a pulsatile way by intermittent discharges, at the frequency of approximately 0.5 to 1 discharge per hour. These discharges are elicited by a structure sometimes called the pulsatile hypothalamic generator. This secretion is modulated by transmitters, and is decreased by gonadal hormones testosterone in men, estradiol and progesterone in women. However, in women, in the middle of the menstrual cycle, it is the rise in the concentration of estradiol which elicits the release of GnRH and ovulation. GnRH released by the hypothalamus directly reaches the pituitary gland by the venous portal system. (http://www.pharmacorama.com/)

The hypothalamus is a region of the brain. It contains several types of neurons responsible for secreting different hormones.
  • Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
  • Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
  • Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)
  • Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
  • Somatostatin
  • Dopamine (http://users.rcn.com/)

Gonadorelin is another name for gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). It is a synthetic decapeptide prepared using solid phase peptide synthesis. GnRH is responsible for the release of follicle stimulating hormone and leutinizing hormone from the anterior pitutitary. Gonadorelin is responsible for the release of follicle stimulating hormone and leutinizing hormone from the anterior pitutitary. In the pituitary GnRH stimulates synthesis and release of FSH and LH, a process that is controlled by the frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses, as well as the feedback of androgens and estrogens. The pulsatility of GnRH secretion has been seen in all vertebrates, and it is necessary to ensure a correct reproductive function. Thus a single hormone, GnRH, controls a complex process of follicular growth, ovulation, and corpus luteum maintenance in the female, and spermatogenesis in the male. Its short half life requires infusion pumps for its clinical use. (http://www.druglib.com/)

Local:

 

Peptides are the members of the compounds composed of two or more amino acids joined by the linking between one amino acid residue and the carboxyl group of the next amino acid by hydrolysis into linear, branched or cyclical structures. The link is an amide bond, and is sometimes referred to as a peptide bond. Peptides are playing a promising role in the molecular biology and in the creating medicines. Peptides are used in the study of protein structure and function, antibodies for the inhibition of cancer, for the study of protein structure and function research. Peptides are also used as instrumental in mass spectrometry. Biological activities of peptide are applicable in the fields of nutrition, medicine, and cosmetics.

  • Dipeptide: a molecule consisting of two amino acids
  • Tripeptide a molecule consisting of three amino acids
  • Octapeptide: a molecule consisting of eight amino acids
  • Oligopeptide: a polypeptide composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids length (or 3 to 40 component amino acids)
  • Polypeptide: a single molecule composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids.
  • Protein: a linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on ribosomes.

 

SALES SPECIFICATION

ACETATE

APPEARANCE

 White to off-white powder
IDENTIFICATION

pass (MS, HPLC)

PEPTIDE CONTENT

98.0% min
AMINO ACID Ser: 0.7 - 1.05
Glx: 0.95 - 1.05
Pro: 0.95 - 1.05
Gly: 1.9 - 2.1
Leu: 0.9 - 1.1
Tyr: 0.7 - 1.05
His: 0.95 - 1.05
Trp: Present
Arg: 0.95 - 1.05
Isoleucine and Lysine absent; traces

RELATED SUBSTANCES

2.0% max (total impurity), 1.0% max (Individual impurity)
RESIDUAL SOLVENTS
0.1% max
ACETATE

12.5% max
WATER 7.0% max
OPTICAL ROTATION -54.0° ~ -66.0°(c=1, 1% HAc)
MICROBIOLOGICAL TESTS Total viable aerobic count: 300CFU/g max
Bacterial endotoxins: 70IU/mg max

HCl

APPEARANCE

White to off-white powder
IDENTIFICATION

pass (MS, HPLC)
AMINO ACID
Ser: 0.7 - 1.05
Glx: 0.95 - 1.05
Pro: 0.95 - 1.05
Gly: 1.9 - 2.1
Leu: 0.9 - 1.1
Tyr: 0.7 - 1.05
His: 0.95 - 1.05
Trp: 0.3 - 1.1
Arg: 0.95 - 1.05

PEPTIDE CONTENT

97.0% min
Chloride 4.0 - 6.0%
WATER 7.0% max
OPTICAL ROTATION -57.0° ~ -63.0°(c=1, 1% water)
ACETATE

1.0% max
RESIDUAL SOLVENTS
0.1% max
MICROBIOLOGICAL TESTS Total viable aerobic count: 300CFU/g max
Bacterial endotoxins: 70IU/mg max

 

TRANSPORT & REGULATORY INFORMATION

UN NO.

Not known

HAZARD CLASS

  
PACKING GROUP  

 

SAFETY INFORMATION

HAZARD OVERVIEW

Target Organ Effect. Target Organs: Kidney, Cardiovascular system., Smooth muscle.

GHS

  

SIGNAL WORD

Warning

PICTOGRAMS

HAZARD STATEMENTS

H332

P STATEMENTS

P201-P308 + P313

EC DIRECTIVES

 

HAZARD CODES

RISK PHRASES

 20

SAFETY PHRASES

 36

 

PACKING