PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION

H.S. CODE

2914.22

TOXICITY

CLASSIFICATION

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Clear, colourless liquid

MELTING POINT

0.91 - 0.92

SOLUBILITY IN WATER

AUTOIGNITION

NFPA RATINGS

REFRACTIVE INDEX

48 C

Stable under ordinary conditions

APPLICATIONS

Carbonyl groups are: 

• Aldehydes (X and Y = H; X = H, Y = alkyl or aryl)
• Ketones (X and Y = alkyl or aryl)
• Carboxylic acids (X = OH, Y = H, alkyl, or aryl)
• Esters (X = O-alkyl or aryl; Y = H, alkyl, or aryl)
• Amides (X = NH, N-alkyl, or N-aryl; Y = H, alkyl, or aryl)
• Acid halides
• Acid anhydrides
• Lactones
• Lactams

Ketone has the general formula RCOR' where the groups R and R' may be the same or different, or incorporated into a ring (R and R' are alkyl, aryl, or heterocyclic radicals). The simplest example, R and R´ are methyl group, is acetone (also called 2-propanone, CH₃COCH₃) which is one of the most important ketones used in industry (low molecular weight ketones are general purpose solvents.) In the IUPAC system, the suffix -one is used to describe ketone with the numbering of the carbon atom at the end that gives the lower number. For example, CH₃CH₂COCH₂CH₂CH₃ is named 3-hexanone because the whole chain contains six carbon atoms and the oxygen is connected to the third carbon from the lower number. There are aromatic ketones of which acetophenone and bezophenone are examples. Ketones can be made by the oxidation of secondary alcohols and the destructive distillation of certain salts of organic acids. In addition to as polar solvents, ketones are important intermediates in the syntheses of organic compounds such as alkoxides, hydroxyalkynes, imines, alcohols (primary, secondary as well as tertiary), acetals, thioacetals, phosphine oxides, geminal diols, hydrazones, organic sulfite and cyanohydrins.

Cyclohexanone is a compound of ketone family. It is a clear oily liquid with an acetone like odor; slightly soluble in water but completely miscible with commom solvents. It is used as an industrial solvent and activator in oxidation reactions. It is used in the production of adipic acid, cyclohexanone resins, cyclohexanone oxime, caprolactam and nylon 6. Cyclohexanone having two alpha-carbons in the ring provides four alpha-hydrogens which can be substituted depending on the reaction conditions with remaining six hydrogens unreact. Methyl-3-Cyclohexanone-1, methyl group substituted at beta position, is an intermediate for pharmaceuticals, fragrances and other organic products.

APPEARANCE

Clear, colourless liquid

99.0% min

WATER

0.2% max