N,N'-DIBUTYLTHIOUREA

PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION
CAS NO. 109-46-6

n,n'-DIBUTYLTHIOUREA
EINECS NO. 203-674-6
FORMULA (C4H9NH)2CS
MOL WT. 188.33

H.S. CODE

 2930.90

TOXICITY

  
SYNONYMS 1,3-Dibutylthiourea;
1,3-Dibutyl-2-thiourea; Dibutylthiourea; N,N'-Dibutylthiourea; N,N[-Di-n-butylthiourea; N,N'-Di-n-butylthiourea; N,N'-dibutylthioharnstoff (Dutch),    N,N'-Dibutylthiourée (French), N,N'-Dibutiltiourea (Spanish);
SMILES  

CLASSIFICATION

 

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
PHYSICAL STATE off-white crystalline powder

MELTING POINT

 62 - 66 C
BOILING POINT Decomposes
SPECIFIC GRAVITY 1.12

SOLUBILITY IN WATER

 Insoluble
pH 6
VAPOR DENSITY  
AUTOIGNITION

 

REFRACTIVE INDEX

 

NFPA RATINGS Health: 4; Flammability: 0; Reactivity: 0
FLASH POINT

186 C

STABILITY Stable under ordinary conditions
GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND APPLICATIONS
Thiourea (also called Thiocarbamide or Sulfourea) is the diamide of thiocarbonic acid that resembles urea but contains sulfur instead of oxygen. 'Thio'  is a chemical prefix indicates the replacement of an oxygen in an acid radical by sulfur with a negative valence of 2; meaning 'Sulfur' derived from the Greek theion. In fact, thiourea occurs as the mixture of two tautomers: S=C(NH2)2 ( Thiourea) + HS=CNHNH2 (Isothiourea), accordingly, provides three functional groups (mino, imino, and thiol). Thiourea is a lustrous white crystalline compound; estimated melting point is 170-180 C; soluble in water and in polar organic solvents; insoluble in non-polar solvents. The exact melting point and boiling point are not available since rearrangement to ammonium thiocyanate (NH4SCN) occurs at about 135 C and decomposition occurs. It can be prepared by heating ammonium thiocyanate, or by the addition of hydrogen sulfide to cyanamide. The latter is the more common method. Thiourea is used directly in ore filtering, metal refinery and cleaning, isomerization catalyst (conversion of maleic to fumaric acid) and as an additive in fertilizers (to inhibit the nitrification process), drilling auxiliaries, light-sensitive photocopy paper and explosives.  It is used as a fixing agent in photography, as a liquefying agent in animal hide glue, as an insecticide, as a textile-treating agent, and as an intermediate to produce other compounds. Thiourea and its derivatives are versatile intermediates for the synthesis of modified thermosetting resins, thiourea dioxide, dyes, flame retardants, vulcanization accelerators, plant protection agents, pesticides, amino resins, peptizing agents, fungicides, hair preparations, dry cleaning chemicals, corrosion inhibitors and thiazole drugs (e.g., antiseptic, thyrotherapeutic, narcotic, and tuberculostatic agents). Dithiobiurea possesses a wide dipole moment and thus is involved in the forming wide metal chelated complexes as the radioactiv-compound which used in radiopharmaceutical imaging, inhibiting enzyme function, kidney function study and to treat toxic metal poisoning. It is used in co-crystals development used in the field of nonlinear optics to generate new coherent wavelengths. N,N'-Dibutylthiourea is used in vulcanization accelerator and corrosion inhibitors for metal treatments.

Sulfur combines with nearly all elements. Sulfur forms ring and chain structures as it is the second only to carbon in exhibiting catenation. The 8-membered ring and shorter chain structure of sulfur molecule is important in vulcanization process which individual polymers are linked to other polymer molecules by atomic bridges. This process produces thermoset materials which are cross-linked and irreversible substances. The term thermoplastic is for high molecular weight polymers which can undergo melting-freezing cycle. Thermosets are not melted and re-molded on heating after cured. The split of sulfur 8-membered ring structure into shorter chains provides rubber vulcanization process. The split are liked with cure sites (some of the solid bonds in the molecule) on rubber molecules, resulting in forming sulfur bridges typically between 2 and 10 atoms long. Vulcanization makes rubber harder, more durable and more resistant to heating, aging and chemical attacks. The number of sulfur atoms in the sulfur bridges varies physical properties of the end products. Short bridges containing one or two sulfur atoms offer heat resistance and long bridges offer flexible property. Vulcanization can also be accomplished with certain peroxides, gamma radiation, and several other organic compounds. The principal classes of peroxide cross-linking agents are dialkyl and diaralkyl peroxides, peroxyketals and peroxyesters. Other vulcanizing agents include amine compounds for the cross-linking of fluorocarbon rubbers, metal oxides for chlorine-containing rubbers (notably zinc oxide for chloroprene rubber) and phenol-formaldehyde resins for the production of heat-resistant butyl rubber vulcanizates. Accelerator, in the rubber industry, is added with a curing agent to speed the vulcanization. Accelerators contain sulfur and nitrogen like derivatives of benzothiazole and thiocarbanilides. The popular accelerators are sulfenamides (as a delayed-action accelerators), thiazoles, thiuram sulfides, dithocarbamates and guanidines.

There are some types of rubber accelerators. They are used in combination with each other in accordance with vulcanizing and/or acid-base conditions. Some examples classified by chemical structure are as below;

  • Thiazole
    • 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (CAS #: 149-30-4)
    • Dibenzothiazole disulfide (CAS #: 120-78-5)
    • 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Zinc salt (CAS #: 155-04-4)
  • Sulphenamide
    • N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide (CAS #: 95-33-0)
    • N-Oxydienthylene-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide (CAS #: 102-77-2)
    • N-tert-butyl-2-benzothiazyl sulfenamide (CAS #: 95-31-8)
  • Guanidine
    • Diphenyl guanidine (CAS #: 102-06-7)
    • Di-o-tolylguanidine (CAS #: 97-39-2)
  • Thiuram
    • Tetramethyl thiuram disulfide (CAS #: 137-26-8)
    • Tetraethyl thiuram disulfide (CAS #: 97-77-8)
    • Tetramethyl thiuram monosulfide (CAS #: 97-74-5)
    • Isobutyl thiuram disulfide (CAS #: 3064-73-1)
    • Tetrabenzylthiuram disulfide (CAS #: 10591-85-2)
    • Dipentamethylene thiuramtetrasulfide (CAS #: 120-54-7)
  • Dithiocarbamate
    • Zinc dimethyl dithiocarbamate (CAS #: 137-30-4)
    • Zinc diethyl dithiocarbamate (CAS #: 14324-55-1)
    • Zinc dibutyl dithiocarbamate (CAS #: 136-23-2)
    • Zinc N-ethyl-dithiocarbamate (CAS #: 14634-93-6)
    • Zinc dibenzyl dithiocarbamate (CAS #: 14726-36-4)
    • Copper dimethyl dithiocarbamate (CAS #: 137-29-1)
  • Thiourea
    • Ethylene thiourea (CAS #: 96-45-7)
    • N,N'-Diethylthiourea (CAS #: 105-55-5)
    • N-N'-Diphenylthiourea (CAS #: 102-08-9)
SALES SPECIFICATION

APPEARANCE

 off-white crystalline powder
ACTIVE CONTENT

97.0% min

MELTING POINT 62 - 66 C
TRANSPORTATION
PACKING 25kgs in Bag
HAZARD CLASS 6.1 (Packing Group: II)
UN NO. 2811
OTHER INFORMATION
Hazard Symbols: XN, Risk Phrases: 20/21/22, Safety Phrases: 22-28A-37-45

PRICE

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