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PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

REFRACTIVE INDEX

Stable under ordinary conditions

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http://www.pharmacorama.com/
Quinolones with a fluorine atom are called fluoroquinolones; they are pefloxacin, ciprofloxacin (Ciloxan*, Ciproxin*), ofloxacin (Floxin*, Exocin*), norfloxacin (Noroxin*), lomefloxacin (Maxaquin*), moxifloxacin (Avelox*), gemifloxacin (Factive*). The microorganisms sensitive to fluoroquinolones are very numerous: Gram-negative bacilli, salmonellas, Escherichia coli, shigella, gonococci, Proteus, Enterobacter, Helicobacter, Gram-positive bacilli, staphylococci, streptococci…  Because of their very good diffusion, they act on infections with different locations. The fluoroquinolones used in the treatment of the urinary tract infections are eliminated in the urine in high concentration. The fluoroquinolones used in urogenital infections due to sensitive microorganisms are norfloxacin, enoxacin and lomefloxacin.

http://toxsci.oxfordjournals.org/
Mechanistic Study on Flumequine Hepatocarcinogenicity Focusing on DNA Damage in Mice

GENERAL DESCRIPTION: Fluoroquinolones belong to a group of synthetic antibiotics that are derived from basic structure of nalidixic acid and have substituents at N-1, C-5, C-7, position 8 and a fluorine atom at position 6. There are also polycyclic derivatives. Quinolone antibiotics have a ketone at position 4 and a carboxylic group at position 3. Fluoroquinolones inhibit the bacterial DNA gyrase or the topoisomerase IV enzyme, resulting the inhibition of DNA replication and transcription. Fluorine at position 6 enhances gyrase inhibition and cell penetration. Piperaziny substituents provide activity against Gram-negative bacteria and pyrrolidinyl moiety is active against Gram-positive cocci. They improve water solubility needed oral application. The function substituted at position 8 IS to control anaerobe activity.
 

Flumequine, the first generation drug of the fluoroquinolone antibiotics, is used for the treatment of enteric infections in domestic animals.

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS; Uncomplicated urinary tract infections

APPEARANCE

98.5 - 102.0%

BP VET 98